Amalric and Baldwin IV

Question 1

When was Raymond III of Tripoli released from capture and what did he become in the same year?

Answer 1

Raymond III of Tripoli was released from capture in 1174 and became the regent.

Question 2

What were the two groups in Baldwin IV’s court and what did each stand for?

Answer 2

In Baldwin IV’s court, the two leading factions were the ‘court party’ and ‘noble party’. The ‘court party’ were driven by the desire to the desire to expand their territorial possessions as such peace with the Muslims was unthinkable. The ‘noble party’ were older families who wanted to reach an understanding with the Muslims.

Question 3

Who were the leading figures in the ‘noble party’?

Answer 3

The leading figures of the noble party were Raymond III, Humphrey II of Toron, Reynald of Sidon, the Ibelines and William of Tyre

Question 4

Who were the leading figures in the ‘court party’?

Answer 4

The ‘court party’ was led by Baldwin’s mother Agnes de Courtenay, included Reynald of Chatillon, Joscelin III of Courtenay, and Aimery and Guy of Lusignan.

Question 5

When did Aimery of Lusignan become Constable?

Answer 5

Aimery of Lusignan replaced Humphrey II of Toron as constable in 1179.

Question 6

When was Eraclius was elected the patriarch of Jerusalem, over William of Tyre?

Answer 6

In 1180 Eraclius was elected patriarch of Jerusalem over William of Tyre.

Question 7

When did Sibylla marry William Longsword?

Answer 7

Sibylla who married WilliamLongsword, the marquis of Montferrat, in 1177

Question 8

When did Sibylla marry Guy of Lusignan?

Answer 8

Sibylla married Guy of Lusignan in 1180.

Question 9

When was Raymond III of Tripoli reappointed as regent?

Answer 9

Baldwin reappointed Raymond III of Tripoli as regent in November 1183.

Question 10

When did Baldwin IV die?

Answer 10

Baldwin IV died in 1185.

Question 11

When did Baldwin V die?

Answer 11

Baldwin V died in 1186.

Question 12

How many of Saladin’s men’s were lost at the battle of Montisgard (1177)

Answer 12

Between 18 and 24 thousand of Saladin’s men were killed at the battle of Montisgard, in 1177.

Question 13

When was Reynald of Chatillon captured and released?

Answer 13

Reynald of Chatillon was captured in 1158, having previously been Prince of Antioch, and released in 1174 - upon Nur al-Din’s death.

Question 14

When did Reynald attack the caravan carrying Saladin’s sister?

Answer 14

In 1187, Reynald attacked a caravan carrying Saladin’s sister

Question 15

What was the outcome of the battle of Myriokephalon (1176)?

Answer 15

Manuel Comnenus had been defeated at the battle of Myriokephalon (1176) by Kilij Arslan II, who forced him to retreat from Turkey removing Byzantine military power
from Asia Minor

Question 16

When did Manuel Comnenus die?

Answer 16

Manuel Comnenus died in 1180.

Question 17

When did Androconicus create a truce with Saladin?

Answer 17

Androconicus made a truce with Saladin when Androconicus became threatened by a marriage alliance between Constance, sister of William II of Sicily, and Henry VI

Question 18

What was the effect of Androconicus’ truce with Saladin?

Answer 18

The truce with Saladin and Androconicus was to remove all Byzantine protection from the principality of
Antioch, encouraging Muslim expansion. This meant that Bohemond III of Antioch was more concerned with his problems in the north rather than being able to give his full support to Baldwin IV and Raymond III of Tripoli.

Question 19

When did Baldwin III die?

Answer 19

Baldwin III died in 1163.

Question 20

When did Baldwin III capture Ascalon?

Answer 20

Baldwin III captured Ascalon in 1153.

Question 21

What became the focus of Amalaric’s reign?

Answer 21

Under Amalric, the priorities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem shifted from being the capture of Aleppo to a possible conquest of Egypt

Question 22

When did Amalric besiege Shirkuh in Bilbeis and why was the attack called off?

Answer 22

Amalric responded in 1164 by bringing an army to besiege Shirkuh in Bilbeis but the destruction of Bohemond III of Antioch’s army at the battle of Harenc forced Amalric’s retreat.

Question 23

How did Amalric respond to Shirkuh’s second expedition on Egypt in 1167?

Answer 23

Amalric responded to Shirkuh’s second expedition by persuading the Frankish nobles of the need to maintain the balance of power by attacking Shirkuh. This included the nobles giving a special tax of 10% on movable property to fund it. Shirkuh was besieged in Alexandria.

Question 24

When was a mutual evacuation of Egypt negotiated and what were the terms?

Answer 24

A mutual evacuation of Egypt was negotiated in September 1167 which recognised Egypt’s independence, Egypt was to pay an annual tribute of 100,000 dinars to the Franks, and a Frankish garrison remained in Cairo.

Question 25

When did Amalric marry Maria Comnenus?

Answer 25

In 1168, Amalric married Maria Comnenus (Emperor Manuel’s great-niece)

Question 26

What did Amalric’s marriage to Maria create the possibility of?

Answer 26

Amalric’s opened the possibility of an expedition of conquest in Egypt with Byzantine support

Question 27

Why was Amalric forced to abandon his expedition on Egypt in 1168?

Answer 27

The intervention of Shirkuh in November 1168 forced Amalric to retreat from his expedition in Egypt.

Question 28

When was Shawar murdered and who replaced him as Vizier?

Answer 28

Sharwar was murdered in January 1169 and was replaced by Shirkuh.

Question 29

Why did Amalric launch an expedition in Egypt without waiting for the Byzantines?

Answer 29

Amalric attacked Egypt without waiting for the Byzantine fleet under the advice of the Haute Cour who did not want to share the riches of Egypt with their Byzantine allies.

Question 30

When did Shirkuh die and who replaced him as Vizier?

Answer 30

Shirkuh died in March 1169 and he was replaced by his nephew Saladin as Vizier.

Question 31

When did Saladin recapture Gazza?

Answer 31

Saladin was able to take advantage of Amalric’s weaknesses in 1170 by recapturing Gaza.