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Ap Psychology > Alyssa Bellochi Developmental Psychology Vocab > Flashcards

Alyssa Bellochi Developmental Psychology Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

VOCAB 1

A

VOCAB 1

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2
Q

Developmental psychology

A

The study of progressive changes in bx and abilities from conception to death

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3
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Uses participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over the life span

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4
Q

Cohort

A

Group of subjects that have shared a particular experience during a particular life span

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5
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Examines one group of participants over time

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6
Q

Biographical study

A

Looks backwards at factors that relate to an outcome established by the study

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7
Q

Prenatal development

A

Development from conception to birth

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8
Q

Embryo

A

A multicellular being in the first two weeks of life

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9
Q

Fetus

A

A developing mammal from 2-8 weeks after conception

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10
Q

Neonate

A

A developing mammal from 8 weeks after conception to birth

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11
Q

Placenta

A

The organ that connects to the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination as gas exchange with the mother

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12
Q

Critical period

A

Period during development which displays heightened sensitivity to stimuli

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13
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Children of alcoholic mothers can be born with small, malformed skills and mental retardation

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14
Q

Teratogens

A

Substances capable of altering fetal development in nonheritable ways that cause birth defects

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15
Q

Rooting reflex

A

When touched on the cheek, a baby will turn it’s head to the side of the touch and open it’s mouth

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16
Q

Sucking reflex

A

When an object is placed in a baby’s mouth, he will suck

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17
Q

Swallowing reflex

A

When object is placed in the baby’s mouth, he will swallow

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18
Q

Grasping reflex

A

When an object is placed in a baby’s palm or foot, he will squeeze his fingers or toes shut to hold the object

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19
Q

Stepping reflex

A

When placed upright with weight bearing on the feet, a baby will make stepping motions

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20
Q

Moro reflex

A

When startled, a baby will fling his limbs out and then quickly retract them

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21
Q

Babinski reflex

A

When a baby’s foot is stroked, he will spread his toes

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22
Q

Temperament

A

The physical core of personality, including emotion and perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, typical mood and so forth

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23
Q

Developmental norms

A

An individuals current state of physical, emotional, and intellectual development

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24
Q

Maturation

A

The physical growth and development of the body and nervous system

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25
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Stage of intellectual development during which sensory input and motor responses become coordinated

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26
Q

Object performance

A

Concept, gained in infancy, that objects continue to exist even when they are hidden from view

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27
Q

Mental representation

A

Mental images or symbols used to think about or remember an object, person or event

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28
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Period of intellectual development during which children begin to use language and think symbolically, yet remain intuitive and egocentric in their thought

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29
Q

Egocentric

A

Unable to see things from another’s point of view

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30
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

Period of intellectual development during which children become able to use the concepts of time, space, volume, and number, but in ways that remain simplified and concrete, rather than abstract

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31
Q

Principle of conservation

A

Mastery of the concept that the weight, mass, and volume of matter remains unchanged when the shape or appearance of objects change

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32
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Period of intellectual development characterized by thinking that includes abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical ideas

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33
Q

VOCAB 2

34
Q

Babbling

A

When an infant experiments with sounds of language but produces no recognizable words

35
Q

Holophrases

A

A single word used to express a complete, meaningful thought

36
Q

Language acquisition device

A

An instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language

37
Q

Imprinting

A

Form of learning in which a very young animal foxes it’s attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object

38
Q

Attachment

A

The emotional bond that typically forms between infant and caregiver, usually a parent, not only stimulates brain growth but affects personality development and lifelong ability to form stable relationships

39
Q

Sex type behavior

A

Of children’s conceptions of cross gender behavior in their peers

40
Q

Growth spurt

A

A rapid increase in growth which occurs several times in childhood, notably in infancy and adolescence years

41
Q

Puberty

A

The biologically defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction

42
Q

Menarche

A

A girls first menstrual cycle

43
Q

Imaginary audience

A

An egocentric state where an individual imagines and believes that that multitudes of people are enthusiastically listening to him or her at all times

44
Q

Identity formation

A

The development of the distinct personality of an individual

45
Q

Identity crisis

A

An internal conflict of and search for identity

46
Q

Cliques

A

Persons who interact with each other more regularly and intensely than others in the same setting

47
Q

Midlife crisis

A

A period of dramatic self doubt that is felt by some individuals in the middle years or Middle Age of life

48
Q

Menopause

A

Is time in a woman’s life where her menstrual cycle stops

49
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

An age related disease characterized by memory loss, mental confusion and a nearly total losss is changes that no longer allow her to get pregnant

50
Q

Oral stage

A

Infants seek pleasure in their mouths

51
Q

Anal stage

A

The stage of toilet training

52
Q

Phallic stage

A

Babies realize their gender

53
Q

Patent stage

A

A period where children develop gender roles

54
Q

Genital stage

A

Focus of sexual pleasure in the genitals

55
Q

Oedipus/ Electra complex

A

When a boy is in love with his mother and a girl is in love with her father

56
Q

Authoritarian parents

A

Set strict standards for their children’s behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules

57
Q

Permissive parents

A

Do not set clear guidelines for their children

58
Q

Stages of dying

A 
Denial 
Anger 
Bargaining
Depression 
Acceptance
59
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH

A

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH

60
Q

Nature vs nurture

A

The influence of biology and environment on human development

61
Q

Sensitive period

A

A period of time when the brain is more receptive to absorbing certain skills, tasks and info; they can still learn these tasks after the sensitive period, but requires more conscious effort

62
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment of schema to incorporate new info

63
Q

Conservation

A

The realization that properties of objects remain the same even when appearance changes

64
Q

Attachment styles

A

Attachment styles

65
Q

Secure

A

Child is distressed when mom leaves, but easy to calm l; greets mom warmly upon return

66
Q

Avoidance

A

Child generally ignores mom when she returns; attaches to stranger in room

67
Q

Disorganized

A

Child is confused disoriented fearful with mom

68
Q

Parenting styles

A

Parenting styles

69
Q

Neglectful

A

Parents do not take responsibility for raising and controlling children; do not set limits and ignore child’s needs

70
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

The difference of what a child knows and can do on their own and what they might have the potential to do given a supportive enough environment

71
Q

Scaffolding

A

The support given during the learning process which is tailored to the needs of the students with the intention of helping the student achieve his or her learning goals

72
Q

IDENTITY STATUS JAMES MARCIA

A

IDENTITY STATUS

73
Q

Diffusion

74
Q

Diffusion

A

Adolescence has no clear idea of his identity and is not attempting to find it

75
Q

foreclosure

A

Adolescent accepts the identity and values he or she was given in childhood

76
Q

Moratorium

A

Adolescents delay in making a meaningful commitment, but are experimenting and searching

77
Q

Achievement

A

Adolescent has developed well defined personal values and self concepts

78
Q

HARRY HARLOW

A

HARRY HARLOW

79
Q

Contact comfort

A

An infants need for physical touch and nurturant

80
Q

Separation anxiety

A

6-9 month old, infant is distressed at being separated from caregiver

Ap Psychology (5 decks)

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