Altius FL 2 Test Chem/Phys Flashcards
9.) Aqua running is a form of cardiovascular conditioning in which a person runs while partially submerged in water. If an aqua runner (mass 80 kg, weight 784 N) is exactly 50% submerged in water, what is the apparent weight of the runner? (Note: Assume the density of both the water and the runner is 1.0 g/cm3.)
Knowledge of buoyancy. I need to review in-depth and get to the root of this. Archimedes principle and fluids
11.) What is the empirical formula of the conjugate acid of the anion in strontium acetate, Sr(CH3COO)2?
This was so so so so fucking tricky. The answer was A because it was going after the empirical formular and NOT the molecular formula.
15.) Based on its molecular structure, NAPQI most likely damages proteins through which process?
Tricky. It needed an understanding of each of the processes in the options and applying that knowledge appropriately.
20.) Urease is required by colonizing bacteria as a way to obtain nitrogen from urea. As a result, an effective drug must inhibit urease continuously. What kind of inhibitor will best accomplish continuous inhibition?
Check my note book
23.) The decomposition of H2O2 is an exothermic process. However, solutions of H2O2 in water are stable when stored in bottles over a long period of time. Which statement best explains these two observations?
Wrong. Use the information in the passage and also the description here is vital. Choice C is the correct answer. Consideration of Reaction 1 and the molecular structure of H2O2 shows that to generate H2O the O-O bond must be broken at some point along the reaction path. Breaking chemical bonds requires considerable activation energy, which is often the defining parameter affecting the reaction rate; in this case the kinetic stability of H2O2. Answer A is wrong because the question stem clearly stated that decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is an exothermic process. Answer B is wrong because the number of oxygen atoms has no direct relation to the thermodynamics of a reaction. Reactions involving more or less oxygen atoms could have a variety of thermodynamic properties. Answer D is wrong because the statement is incorrect. O2 has a bond order of 2 compared with its bond order of 1 in H2O2. Since bond strength roughly correlates with bond order it is O2 that has the stronger O-O bond, not H2O2.
26.) When other biomolecules are unavailable, acetoacetic acid can be used as a fuel source in all of the following organs EXCEPT the:
Ketone bodies can be used in the HEART, BRAIN, MUSCLES BUT BUT NOT the liver.
33.) The structure shown is a conjugated ring system, but it is not aromatic because:
The key to this answer is tot first attack which option directly relates to the criteria. Following that understanding then you can attack the best answer choice. This is the trick here.
34.) The passage suggests which conclusion about the two heterocycles shown below?
The key to this answer is first using the criteria for aromaticity and applying them. What exactly is planarity Use that idea to make the best decisions in this case.
38.) Which concept best accounts for the pressure difference between upper and lower wing surfaces described in the passage?
The pressure difference arises because the air is traveling at different speeds above and below the wing. The effect of fluid speed on pressure is called the Bernoulli effect, thus choice D is correct. Archimedes’ Principle relates to static fluids, namely how a buoyant force is created by displacing a static fluid, thus Choice A and Choice B are incorrect. The statement in Choice C is likely untrue (if anything, the density would most likely be lower below the wing than above it), but even if it were true, that phenomenon would not be an example of the Bernoulli effect.
41.) One resonance contributor to the phosphate ion is shown. When phosphate is protonated to form HPO42-, the likelihood of any of the four oxygen molecules receiving the hydrogen is equal. Which statement best explains this observation?
This Lewis structure has three other equivalent Lewis structures that can be drawn by alternating the position of the double bond. The actual structure is a blending of all the individual resonance structures; each P–O bond has an equivalent partial degree of double-bond character. Thus, the partial negative character of each of the four oxygen atoms also has the same value. Answer choice B is correct; protonation is more likely to occur at oxygen atoms with partial negative character, so all four oxygen atoms have the same propensity for protonation. Choice A is not true; protonation is more likely to occur at an oxygen with three unshared electron pairs because it has a formal charge of -1. Answer choice C is a true statement, but is still an incorrect answer to this question. While the phosphate does exhibit tetrahedral geometry, this does not explain why all oxygen atoms have an equal chance of being protonated. Answer choice D is also a true statement, in aqueous solution this species would be surrounded by water and hydronium ions, so acidic protons would be easily available, but like answer choice C, this does not explain the observation given in the stem.
44.) The fourth step of glycolysis is functionally equivalent to a reversal of Scheme 1. This information suggests which relationship between the trials in Scheme 1 and biological metabolism?
Wrong. Be aware of the pathways for glycolysis. It is best to learn the intermediates and use that knowledge to understand and go over this problem again. The aldol addition in Trial 1 is quite similar to the step of gluconeogenesis which uses an aldolase enzyme to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate out of two precursors. This makes C the best answer. Answers A and B are both incorrect because the biological sugars involved in the aldolase-catalyzed gluconeogenesis reaction feature hydroxyl groups and do not contain alkene groups as does Compound 4. The biological version is an aldol addition (or its reversal), which is similar to Trial 1, not a condensation, which would be more similar to Trial 2. Further, the temperature at physiological conditions, although above room temperature, never approaches 50 °Celsius (122 °Fahrenheit) as is seen in Trial 2. Such temperatures could denature enzymes and cause various other problems in a biological system. For these reasons, we can eliminate any answer that contains Trial 2. Answer D is false because Trial 1 is similar to gluconeogenesis and would be the reversal of glycolysis.
51.) Which graph correctly represents the concentration of Complex A with time for the pseudo first order reaction represented by Equation 2?
Wrong. Firstly, learn the graphs for everything. First order, second, zeroth, half-lives, everything. Use my notes to direct myself and then use Khan academy to make it happen.
59.) Silkworms excrete a structural protein in which protein chains are organized and stabilized by which repetitive structural motif?
Beta-pleated sheets
