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Step 2 CK > Allergy and Immuno > Flashcards

Allergy and Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis

A

Pt already sensitized to Ag

IgE binds mast cells releasing granules

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2
Q

Common causes of anaphylaxis

A

Bites
Meds
Foods
Latex

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3
Q

Characteristics of anaphylaxis

A

Hypotension
Tachy
SOB, wheezing, lip/tongue/face swelling
Urticaria

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4
Q

Rx anaphylaxis

A

Epi
Antihistamines
Steroids
Emergent airway protection if required

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5
Q

What is angioedema

A

Swelling of Face, Tongue, Eyes, Airway

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6
Q

Causes of angioedema

A

Hereditary angioedema
ACEI AE
Idiopathic

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7
Q

Defect in hereditary angioedema

A

Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor

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8
Q

Presentation of hereditary angioedema

A

Sudden facial swelling
Stridor
No Pruritis or Urticatia

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9
Q

What doesn’t work in hereditary angioedema

A

Steroids

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10
Q

Best initial test for hereditary angioedema

A

Decreased C2, C4

Deficient C1 esterase inhibitor

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11
Q

Acute rx hereditary angioedema

A

FFP

Ecallantide (works for all angioedema)

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12
Q

Long term management of angioedema

A

Androgens

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13
Q

What should be ensured first in angioedema

A

Airway protection

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14
Q

What is Urticaria

A

Sudden swelling of superficial skin layers

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15
Q

Physical agents causing urticaria

A

Pressure
Cold
Vibration

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16
Q

Rx urticaria

A

Antihistamines

LTr antagonists

17
Q

What causes allergic rhinitis

A

IgE dependent triggering of mast cells

18
Q

What can be seen on nasal smear of allergic rhinitis

A

Eosinophils

19
Q

Dx test in allergic rhinitis

A

Clinical
- recurrent episodes of allergy presentation
Skin/Blood testing for Ag
Allergen-specific IgE levels

20
Q

Rx allergic rhinitis

A 
Avoid precipitant
Intranasal steroids
Antihistamines
Intranasal anticholinergics
Desensitization
21
Q

Etiology of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

A

Normal B cell numbers

Decreased !gG, M, A

22
Q

Presentation of CVID

A

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections in adults M=F
Bronchitis, PN, sinusitis, otitis media
Giardiasis, sprue-like, autoimmune diseases

23
Q

Dx tests in CVID

A

Ig levels decreased

Decreased response to Ag stimulatino of B cells

24
Q

Clue to pick CVID

A

Decreased output of B cells
Normal number of B cells
Normal amounts of lymphoid tissue

25
Q

Rx CVID

A

ABX for infections

IVIG for chronic maintenance

26
Q

Picture of Bruton’s

A

Male children w/ increased sinopulmonary infections

27
Q

Abnormality in Bruton’s

A

B cells and lymphoid tissue dminished
Decreased/Absent tonsils, adenoids, LNs, spleen
NL T cells

28
Q

Rx Bruton’s

A

ABX for infections

IVIG

29
Q

What is the issue in SCID

A

Deficiency in B and T cells

30
Q

B cell deficiency infections

A

Recurrent sinopulm starting at age 6

31
Q

T cell deficiency infections

A

Things seen in AIDS

- PCP, varicella, candida

32
Q

Curative rx in SCID

A

BM transplant

33
Q

Unique features of IgA deficiency

A

Atopic diseases
Anaphylaxis to blood transfusions from non-IgA def donors
Spru-like condition
Increased risk of vitiligo, thyroiditis, RA

34
Q

Rx IgA deficiency

A

ABX for infections

35
Q

Important points about Hyper IgE

A

Recurrent staph skin infections

PPX w/ dicloxacillin or cephalexin

36
Q

Important points about Hwiskott-aldrich

A 
Immunodeficiency
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
T cells deficient
BM transplant only cure
37
Q

Features of CGD

A

LNs w/ purulent material leaking
Aphthous ulvers
Inflammation in nares
Obstruction in GI/urinary

38
Q

Infections in CGD

A

Staph
Burkholderia
Nocardia
Aspergillus

39
Q

Dx tests in CGD

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium

Decreased NADPH oxidase

Step 2 CK (21 decks)

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