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Head and Neck > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

is allergy more present in developed or developing countries?

A

developed

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2
Q

what are the host risk factors for allergy?

A

hereditary
race
age

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3
Q

what are the environmental risk factors?

A

> alterations in exposure to infectious diseases in early childhood
environmental pollution
allergen levels
dietary changes

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4
Q

what are the occupational risk factors?

A

> flour
latex
wood dust

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5
Q

what is urticaria/angioedema?

A

skin allergy in the skin

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6
Q

define rhinitis?

A

upper respiratory allergy

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7
Q

what is lower respiratory allergy?

A

asthma

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8
Q

what is systemic allergy?

A

anaphylaxis

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9
Q

what is allergic rhinitis associated with?

A

> asthma

> atopic dermatitis

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10
Q

what are the immediate symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A

> sneezing
itch
nasal blockage
rhinorrhoea

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11
Q

what are the late symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A

> chronic obstruction
hyposmia
hyperreactivity

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12
Q

define allergy

A

hypersensitive disorder of the immune system

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13
Q

define allergen

A

antigens that causes allergic reaction

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14
Q

describe the pathophysiology of type 1-immediate hypersensitivity reaction

A 
sensitisation:
> plasma cells produce ige
> bind to mast cells
re-exposure
> mast cells degranulate
> release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and chemotactic factors
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15
Q

what are the effects of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and chemotactic agents?

A

> vasodilation
increased vasculature permeability
smooth muscle contraction
leukocyte infiltration

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16
Q

what happens 2-4 hours after the initial response- late stage response?

A

other leukocytes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages) migrate to the initial site

17
Q

what is the classification for intermittent rhinitis?

A

less than 4 days a week or less than 4 consecutive weeks

18
Q

what is the classification for persistent rhinitis?

A

more than 4 days a week and more than 4 consecutive weeks

19
Q

what is the classification for mild rhinitis?

A

> normal sleep
no impairment of daily activities
no impairment of work and school
symptoms persistent but not troublesome

20
Q

what is the classification for moderate to severe rhinitis?

A

> sleep disturbance
impairment of daily activities
impairment of school or work
troublesome symptoms

21
Q

how may you diagnose allergic rhinitis?

A 
> skin test
> RAST: presence and levels of allergen specific IgE
> In Vitro serum specific IgE
> total serum IgE
> nasal allergen challenge
> nasal cytology
22
Q

to which patients is immunotherapy given?

A

to those who are really struggling with their allergies

23
Q

what is the pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis?

A 
> topical intranasal steroids
> systemic steroids
> antihistamines
> sodium cromoglycate
> allergen immunotherapy
> anti IgE

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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