Allen: Understanding Alcoholism Flashcards
What is an alcohol use disorder?
A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a TWELVE month period:
Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended (TOLERANCE–neuroadaptation)
There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol, or recover from its effects.
CRAVING, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol.
Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a FAILURE TO FULFILL MAJOR ROLE obligations at work, school, or home.
Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol.
Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of alcohol use.
Recurrent alcohol use in situations where it is physically dangerous.
Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol.
Tolerance.
Withdrawal.
What is tolerance?
A reduced sensitivity requiring HIGHER quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve the same effects
What is withdrawal?
a set of symptoms that can occur when an individual reduces or STOPS alcoholic consumption after long periods of use
What is alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
at least 2 of the following systems:
increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient hallucinations (auditory, visual or tactile), psychomotor agitation, anxiety, tonic-clonic seizures, autonomic instability
What is craving?
desire/urge to consume alcohol (physical and psychological)
What were the two major changes made in DSM-5?
- Legal problems as diagnostic criteria
2. distinction between abuse and dependence
Tolerance in alcohol use involves:
a. acceptance of other’s alcohol use despite being abstinent oneself
b. neuroadaptation in response to chronic alcohol use so that progressively smaller amounts of alcohol are required to experience intoxication
c. progressively larger amounts of alcohol to have similar effect
d. increased desire for alcohol as part of chronic use
c. progressively LARGER amounts of alcohol to have SIMILAR
When does a gambling disorder become a behavioral addiction?
Behaviors, like gambling, activate the brain reward system with effects SIMILAR TO DRUG ABUSE and that gambling disorder symptoms resemble substance use disorders to a certain extent.
is craving physical or psychological?
both
What group has the lowest rate of alcohol use?
American Indian
How is binge drinking defined?
M- 5 or more drinks
W- 4 or more drinks
How is heavy used defined?
M- 5 or more on at least 5 different days
F- 4 or more on at least 5 different days
College students or non college students are more at risk for heavy alcohol use?
College students
How do you assess alcohol use using CAGE?
Cut down on drinking
Annoyed by ppl critizing your drinking
Guilty about drinking
Eye opener–first thing in the am
What is AA?
Self help approach
12 steps
Spiritual basis
Abstinence based
What is motivational interviewing?
Person centered, GOAL ORIENTED method of communication to encourage INTRINSIC motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.
What are the two phases of motivational interviewing?
I: resolve ambivalence (reasons for it) and build motivation (reasons to do this, assess readiness)
II: strengthen commitment and create a plan
What is the transtheoretical model?
Precontemplation Contemplation Determination/Preparation Action Maintenance
*motivational interviewing to move between these stages
**What is precontemplation?
Introduce the idea that maybe they’re a problem drinker
What is contemplation?
My drinking may be directly affecting others
Define determination/preparation
Making a decision to stop and develop a plan
define actin
quitting
What is maintenance?
how you stay quit—relapse prevention
In the transtheoretical model, the stage in which people are intending to take action in the immediate future is
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Determination/Preparation
d. Action
e. Maintenance
Contemplation–intending but haven’t made decision yet
What percent of ppl w/ a substance use disorder are in precontemplation or contemplation?
80%
*define success by movement from one stage to the next
What is the primary focus of relapse prevention?
Maintenance of habit changing process to PREVENT occurrence of initial lapses after embarking on habit change
Preventing lapse to total relapse
What are self control procedures?
Acquire adaptive COPING SKILLS as alternatives to addictive behaviors
Foster new cognitions (attitudes, attributions, and expectancies) concerning the nature of habit change and the capacity to control one’s life
Develop a daily lifestyle with positive self-care activities and nondestructive ways of achieving satisfaction
What cognitive techniques are used as coping skills?
reframing
understanding thought processes
What are the central assumptions of harm reduction?
abstinence is an ideal outcome but accepts other alternatives
What are methods of harm reduction?
Safer route of drug administration Alternative, safer substances Reduce frequency of drug use Reduce intensity of drug use Reduce harmful consequences of drug use
What are the basic strategies to reduce alcohol consumption?
Keep Track Slow Down Space Your Drinks Select Different Types of Drinks Drink for Quality instead of Quantity Enjoy Mild Effects
