ALL Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes - Front and Back Flashcards
Learn/Review Common Roots, Prefix, and Suffix (Front and Back Sides)
a-; an-
no; not; without (apathetic; analgesia)
ab-
away from (abduction)
ad-
to; toward; near (adduction)
abdomin/o
abdomen (abdominal)
-ac;-al
pertaining to (cardiac; abdominal)
-an;-ar;-ary
pertaining to (ovarian; cellular; coronary)
aden/o
gland (adenocarcinoma)
adip/o
fat (adipose)
-algesia
sensitivity to pain (analgesia)
-algia
pain (fibromyalgia)
ana-
up; apart; backward; again; anew (anabolic)
angi/o
vessel; blood vessel (angiogram)
ante-
before; forward (antepartum)
anter/o
front (anterior)
anti-
against (antihypertensive)
aort/o
aorta; largest artery (aortic)
append/o; appendic/o
appendix (appendicitis)
ater/o; arteri/o
artery (arterial)
arthr/o
joint (arthritis)
-ase
enzyme (lipase)
audi/o; audit/o
hearing (auditory)
aut/o; aut-; auto
self; own (autoimmune)
axill/o
armpit (axillary)
Bacter/i/o
bacteria (bacteremia)
bi-
two (bilateral)
bil/i
bile; gall (biliary)
brachi/o
arm (brachial)
brady-
slow (bradycardia)
bronch/o; bronchi/o
bronchial tube (bronchoscopy)
bucc/o
cheek (buccal)
calc/o
calcium (hypocalcemia)
carcin/o
cancerous; cancer (carcinogenic)
cardi/o
heart (cardiac)
-cele; coele
swelling; hernia (bronchocele; hydrocoele)
cell/u
cell level (cellulitis; cellular)
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid (amniocentesis)
cerebr/o
cerebrum; largest part of the brain (cerebral)
cervic/o
neck (cervical)
chol/e
bile; gall (cholesterol)
cholecyst/o
gallbladder (cholecystitis; cholecystectomy)
-cidal
pertaining to killing (germicidal)
col/o colon/o
colon; large intestine (colonoscopy)
comi/o
to care for (nosocomial infection)
contra-
against; opposite (contraindicated)
coron/o
heart (coronary)
cost/o
rib (costophrenic border)
cran/i
skull (cranial)
cyan/o
blue (cyanotic)
cyst/o
urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid (cystogram)
cyt/o; -cyte
cell (cytotoxic; leukocyte)
de-
lack of; less (dementia)
derm/o; derma; dermat/o
skin (dermatitis; xeroderma)
diaphor/o
sweat (diaphoresis)
dist/o
far; distant (distal)
dors/o; dorsi
back of body (dorsal)
dys-
bad; painful; difficult; abnormal (dysphagia)
-eal
pertaining to (corneal; tracheal)
-ectomy
removal; excision; resection (cholecystectomy)
-emia
blood condition (bacteremia; septicemia)
-emic
pertaining to blood condition (anemic)
end-; end/o
in; within (endometriosis; endoscopic)
enter/o
intestines; usually the small intestine (enteritis)
epi-
above; upon; on (epidermis; epigastric)
erythr/o
red (erythrocyte)
erythem/o
flushed; redness (erythemic)
-esis
action; condition; state of (prosthesis)
ex-
out; away from (external)
gastr/o
stomach (gastritis)
-genesis
producing; forming (pathogenesis; glucogenesis)
-ger/i; geront/o
old age (geriatrics; gerontology)
gluc/o; glyc/o
glucose; sugar (glucose)
-gram
record (electrocardiogram; venogram)
-graphy
process of recording (echocardiography)
hem/o; hemat/o
blood (hematuria)
hemi-
half (hemiplegic)
hepat/o
liver (hepatomegaly)
herni/o
hernia (hernia)
hydr/o
water (hydration)
hyper-
above; excessive; greater than normal (hypertension)
hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal (hypoglycemic)
hyster/o
uterus/womb (hysterectomy)
-ia
condition (hypothermia)
-iac; -ic; -ine;-ior
pertaining to (cardiac; alcoholic; adrenaline; anterior)
-iasis
abnormal condition (cholelithiasis)
ile/o
iliac (cholelithiasis)
inguin/o
groin (inguinal)
inter-
between (interstitial space)
intra-
within; into (intradermal)
-ism
process; condition (alcoholism)
-ist
specialist (specialist)
-itis
inflammation (cellulitis)
jaund/o
yellow (jaundice)
jejun/o
jejunum (jejunum)
kal/i
potassium (hyperkalemia)
ket/o keton
ketones; actetones (ketoacidosis)
kyph/o
hunch back (kyphosis)
lapar/o
abdominal wall; abdomen (laparoscopic)
later/o
side (bilateral)
leuk/o
white (leukocytes)
lip/o
lipid; fat (hyperlipidemia; liposuction)
lob/o
lobe (lobectomy)
-logy
study; process of (neurology)
-lysis
breakdown; separation; destruction (thrombolysis)
mal-
bad (malodorous)
mamm/o; mast/o
breast (mammography; mastectomy)
medi/o
middle (medial)
-megaly
enlargement (hepatomegaly)
melan/o
black (melanoma)
-ment/o
mind (dementia)
my/o
muscle (myocardium)
narc/o
numbness; sleep (narcotic drug)
nas/o
nose (nasogastric tube)
natr/o
sodium (hypernatremia)
necr/o
death (necrotic tissue)
nephr/o
kidney (nephrotoxic)
neur/o
nerve (neurologist)
norm/o
rule; order (normotensive)
nos/o
infection (nosocomial)
ocul/o
eye (ocular)
ophthalm/o
eye (ophthalmologist)
opt/o; optic/o
eye; vision (optical)
-oid
resembling; derived from (thyroid)
olig/o
scant; slight (oliguria)
-oma
tumor; mass; fluid collection (carcinoma)
onc/o
tumor (oncologist)
oophor/o
ovary (oophorectomy)
-osis
condition; usually abnormal (thrombosis)
oste/o
bone (osteocytes)
ot/o
ear (ototoxic)
-ous
pertaining to (noxious)
-oxia; -oxic
oxygen (anoxia; hypoxic)
pancreat/o
pancreas (pancreatitis)
para-
near; beside; apart from; along side of (paraplegic)
-paresis
weakness (hemiparesis)
path/o
disease (pathophysiology)
-pathy
disease; emotion (neuropathy; empathy)
pector/o
chest (pectoral)
-penia
deficiency (thrombocytopenia; leucopenia)
-phagia
eating; swallowing (dysphagia)
phas/o; phasia
speech (dysphasia)
phleb/o
vein (phlebotomist)
-plasia
development; formation; growth (hyperplasia)
-plasty
surgical repair (rhinoplasty)
-plegia; -plegic
paralysis; palsy (paraplegia; hemiplegic)
-pnea
breathing (apnea; dyspnea)
pneum/o pneumon/o
lung; air; gas (pneumothorax)
post-; poster/o
after; behind (postoperative; posterior)
pre-
before; in front of (preoperative)
proxim/o
near (proximal)
pseudo
false; fake (pseudotumor)
pulmon/o
lung (pulmonary)
purul/o
pus (purulent)
quadri-
four (quadriceps muscle)
rhino
nose (rhinoplasty)
-rrhage
busting forth - of blood (hemorrhage)
-rrhea
flow; discharge (rhinorrhea)
sanguin/o
fluid - blood (serosanguinous)
-sclerosis
hardening (arteriosclerosis)
-scope
instrument for visual examination (endoscope)
-scopy
process of visual examination with a scope (arthroscopy)
-sect
to cut (transect)
seps/o
infection (sepsis)
ser/o
fluid-serum; clear (serous; serosanguinous drainage)
-sis
state of (sepsis)
-spasm
sudden contraction of muscle (venospasm)
-stasis
to stop; control; place (hemostasis)
-static
pertaining to stopping; controlling (hemostatic)
-stenosis
tightening; narrowing (urethrostenosis)
stern/o
sternum (substernal)
-stomy
new opening; to form a mouth (gastrostomy)
sub-
under; below (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
supra-
above; upper (suprasternal)
syncop/o
faint (syncopal episode)
tachy-
fast (tachycardia)
-tension; -tensive
pressure (hypertension; hypertensive)
therm/o
heat (thermometer)
thorac/o
chest (thoracic)
-thorax
chest; pleural cavity (pneumothorax)
thromb/o
clot (thrombosis)
thyroid/o
thyroid gland (thyroidectomy)
-tic
pertaining to (spastic bladder)
-tomy
process of cutting (colostomy)
-toxic
poison (ototoxic)
trache/o
trachea (tracheostomy)
trans-
across; through (transect)
tri-
three (tricuspid valve)
-trophy
development-condition of (hypertrophy)
umblilic/o
umbilicus; navel (umbilicus)
uni-
one (unilateral)
ur/o
urine; urinary tract (urosepsis)
ureter/o
ureter (ureteral stent)
urethr/o
urethra (urethrostenosis)
-uria
urination; condition of urine (dysuria)
urin/o
urine (uninary tract)
-us
structure; thing (thrombus; umbilicus)
uter/o
uterus; womb (uterus)
vascul/o
blood vessel (vascular)
ven/o; ven/i
vein (venospasm)
ventr/o
abdominal side of the body (ventral hernia)
vertebr/o
vertebra; backbone (vertebrosternal rib)
xeri/o
dry (xerofoam dressing)
-y
condition; process (obesity; dusky)
no, not, without
a-, an-
away from
ab-
to, toward, near
ad-
abdomen
abdomin/o
pertaining to
-ac,-al
pertaining to
-an,-ar,-ary
gland
aden/o
fat
adip/o
sensitivity to pain
-algesia
pain
-algia
up; apart; backward; again; anew
ana-
vessel, blood vessel
angi/o
before; forward
ante-
front
anter/o
against
anti-
aorta, largest artery
aort/o
appendix
append/o, appendic/o
artery
ater/o, arteri/o
joint
arthr/o
enzyme
-ase
hearing
audi/o, audit/o
self, own
aut/o, aut-, auto
armpit
axill/o
bacteria
Bacter/i/o
two
bi-
bile, gall
bil/i
arm
brachi/o
slow
brady-
bronchial tube
bronch/o, bronchi/o
cheek
bucc/o
calcium
calc/o
cancerous, cancer
carcin/o
heart
cardi/o
swelling, hernia
-cele, coele
cell level
cell/u
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-centesis
cerebrum, largest part of the brain
cerebr/o
neck
cervic/o
bile; gall
chol/e
gallbladder
cholecyst/o
pertaining to killing
-cidal
colon, large intestine
col/o colon/o
to care for
comi/o
against; opposite
contra-
heart
coron/o
rib
cost/o
skull
cran/i
blue
cyan/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
cyst/o
cell
cyt/o, -cyte
lack of, less
de-
skin
derm/o, derma, dermat/o
sweat
diaphor/o
far; distant
dist/o
back of body
dors/o, dorsi
bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
dys-
pertaining to
-eal
removal; excision; resection
-ectomy
blood condition
-emia
pertaining to blood condition
-emic
in; within
end-, end/o
intestines, usually the small intestine
enter/o
above; upon; on
epi-
red
erythr/o
flushed, redness
erythem/o
action; condition; state of
-esis
out; away from
ex-
stomach
gastr/o
producing, forming
-genesis
old age
-ger/i, geront/o
glucose; sugar
gluc/o, glyc/o
record
-gram
process of recording
-graphy
blood
hem/o, hemat/o
half
hemi-
liver
hepat/o
hernia
herni/o
water
hydr/o
above, excessive, greater than normal
hyper-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
hypo-
uterus/womb
hyster/o
condition
-ia
pertaining to
-iac, -ic, -ine,-ior
abnormal condition
-iasis
iliac
ile/o
groin
inguin/o
between
inter-
within; into
intra-
process, condition
-ism
specialist
-ist
inflammation
-itis
yellow
jaund/o
jejunum
jejun/o
potassium
kal/i
ketones; actetones
ket/o keton
hunch back
kyph/o
abdominal wall; abdomen
lapar/o
side
later/o
white
leuk/o
lipid, fat
lip/o
lobe
lob/o
study, process of
-logy
breakdown; separation; destruction
-lysis
bad
mal-
breast
mamm/o, mast/o
middle
medi/o
enlargement
-megaly
black
melan/o
mind
-ment/o
muscle
my/o
numbness, sleep
narc/o
nose
nas/o
sodium
natr/o
death
necr/o
kidney
nephr/o
nerve
neur/o
rule, order
norm/o
infection
nos/o
eye
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye; vision
opt/o, optic/o
resembling, derived from
-oid
scant; slight
olig/o
tumor, mass, fluid collection
-oma
tumor
onc/o
ovary
oophor/o
condition, usually abnormal
-osis
bone
oste/o
ear
ot/o
pertaining to
-ous
oxygen
-oxia, -oxic
pancreas
pancreat/o
near; beside; apart from; along side of
para-
weakness
-paresis
disease
path/o
disease, emotion
-pathy
chest
pector/o
deficiency
-penia
eating, swallowing
-phagia
speech
phas/o, phasia
vein
phleb/o
development, formation, growth
-plasia
surgical repair
-plasty
paralysis, palsy
-plegia, -plegic
breathing
-pnea
lung, air, gas
pneum/o pneumon/o
after, behind
post-, poster/o
before, in front of
pre-
near
proxim/o
false; fake
pseudo
lung
pulmon/o
pus
purul/o
four
quadri-
nose
rhino
busting forth - of blood
-rrhage
flow, discharge
-rrhea
fluid - blood
sanguin/o
hardening
-sclerosis
instrument for visual examination
-scope
process of visual examination with a scope
-scopy
to cut
-sect
infection
seps/o
fluid-serum; clear
ser/o
state of
-sis
sudden contraction of muscle
-spasm
to stop; control; place
-stasis
pertaining to stopping; controlling
-static
tightening; narrowing
-stenosis
sternum
stern/o
new opening, to form a mouth
-stomy
under, below
sub-
above; upper
supra-
faint
syncop/o
fast
tachy-
pressure
-tension; -tensive
heat
therm/o
chest
thorac/o
chest; pleural cavity
-thorax
clot
thromb/o
thyroid gland
thyroid/o
pertaining to
-tic
process of cutting
-tomy
poison
-toxic
trachea
tache/o
across, through
trans-
three
tri-
development-condition of
-trophy
umbilicus, navel
umblilic/o
one
uni-
urine; urinary tract
ur/o
ureter
ureter/o
urethra
urethr/o
urination, condition of urine
-uria
urine
urin/o
structure; thing
-us
uterus, womb
uter/o
blood vessel
vascul/o
vein
ven/o, ven/i
abdominal side of the body
ventr/o
vertebra, backbone
vertebr/o
dry
xeri/o
condition, process
-y
