ALL Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes - Front and Back Flashcards by Jeffrey Goodman

a-; an-

no; not; without (apathetic; analgesia)

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ab-

away from (abduction)

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ad-

to; toward; near (adduction)

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abdomin/o

abdomen (abdominal)

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-ac;-al

pertaining to (cardiac; abdominal)

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-an;-ar;-ary

pertaining to (ovarian; cellular; coronary)

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aden/o

gland (adenocarcinoma)

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adip/o

fat (adipose)

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-algesia

sensitivity to pain (analgesia)

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-algia

pain (fibromyalgia)

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ana-

up; apart; backward; again; anew (anabolic)

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angi/o

vessel; blood vessel (angiogram)

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ante-

before; forward (antepartum)

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anter/o

front (anterior)

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anti-

against (antihypertensive)

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aort/o

aorta; largest artery (aortic)

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append/o; appendic/o

appendix (appendicitis)

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ater/o; arteri/o

artery (arterial)

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arthr/o

joint (arthritis)

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-ase

enzyme (lipase)

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audi/o; audit/o

hearing (auditory)

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aut/o; aut-; auto

self; own (autoimmune)

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axill/o

armpit (axillary)

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Bacter/i/o

bacteria (bacteremia)

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bi-

two (bilateral)

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bil/i

bile; gall (biliary)

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brachi/o

arm (brachial)

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brady-

slow (bradycardia)

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bronch/o; bronchi/o

bronchial tube (bronchoscopy)

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bucc/o

cheek (buccal)

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calc/o

calcium (hypocalcemia)

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carcin/o

cancerous; cancer (carcinogenic)

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cardi/o

heart (cardiac)

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-cele; coele

swelling; hernia (bronchocele; hydrocoele)

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cell/u

cell level (cellulitis; cellular)

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-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid (amniocentesis)

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cerebr/o

cerebrum; largest part of the brain (cerebral)

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cervic/o

neck (cervical)

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chol/e

bile; gall (cholesterol)

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cholecyst/o

gallbladder (cholecystitis; cholecystectomy)

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-cidal

pertaining to killing (germicidal)

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col/o colon/o

colon; large intestine (colonoscopy)

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comi/o

to care for (nosocomial infection)

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contra-

against; opposite (contraindicated)

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coron/o

heart (coronary)

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cost/o

rib (costophrenic border)

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cran/i

skull (cranial)

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cyan/o

blue (cyanotic)

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cyst/o

urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid (cystogram)

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cyt/o; -cyte

cell (cytotoxic; leukocyte)

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de-

lack of; less (dementia)

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derm/o; derma; dermat/o

skin (dermatitis; xeroderma)

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diaphor/o

sweat (diaphoresis)

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dist/o

far; distant (distal)

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dors/o; dorsi

back of body (dorsal)

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dys-

bad; painful; difficult; abnormal (dysphagia)

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-eal

pertaining to (corneal; tracheal)

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-ectomy

removal; excision; resection (cholecystectomy)

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-emia

blood condition (bacteremia; septicemia)

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-emic

pertaining to blood condition (anemic)

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end-; end/o

in; within (endometriosis; endoscopic)

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enter/o

intestines; usually the small intestine (enteritis)

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epi-

above; upon; on (epidermis; epigastric)

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erythr/o

red (erythrocyte)

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erythem/o

flushed; redness (erythemic)

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-esis

action; condition; state of (prosthesis)

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ex-

out; away from (external)

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gastr/o

stomach (gastritis)

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-genesis

producing; forming (pathogenesis; glucogenesis)

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-ger/i; geront/o

old age (geriatrics; gerontology)

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gluc/o; glyc/o

glucose; sugar (glucose)

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-gram

record (electrocardiogram; venogram)

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-graphy

process of recording (echocardiography)

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hem/o; hemat/o

blood (hematuria)

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hemi-

half (hemiplegic)

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hepat/o

liver (hepatomegaly)

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herni/o

hernia (hernia)

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hydr/o

water (hydration)

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hyper-

above; excessive; greater than normal (hypertension)

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hypo-

deficient; below; under; less than normal (hypoglycemic)

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hyster/o

uterus/womb (hysterectomy)

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-ia

condition (hypothermia)

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-iac; -ic; -ine;-ior

pertaining to (cardiac; alcoholic; adrenaline; anterior)

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-iasis

abnormal condition (cholelithiasis)

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ile/o

iliac (cholelithiasis)

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inguin/o

groin (inguinal)

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inter-

between (interstitial space)

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intra-

within; into (intradermal)

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-ism

process; condition (alcoholism)

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-ist

specialist (specialist)

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-itis

inflammation (cellulitis)

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jaund/o

yellow (jaundice)

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jejun/o

jejunum (jejunum)

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kal/i

potassium (hyperkalemia)

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ket/o keton

ketones; actetones (ketoacidosis)

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kyph/o

hunch back (kyphosis)

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lapar/o

abdominal wall; abdomen (laparoscopic)

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later/o

side (bilateral)

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leuk/o

white (leukocytes)

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lip/o

lipid; fat (hyperlipidemia; liposuction)

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lob/o

lobe (lobectomy)

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-logy

study; process of (neurology)

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-lysis

breakdown; separation; destruction (thrombolysis)

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mal-

bad (malodorous)

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mamm/o; mast/o

breast (mammography; mastectomy)

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medi/o

middle (medial)

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-megaly

enlargement (hepatomegaly)

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melan/o

black (melanoma)

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-ment/o

mind (dementia)

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my/o

muscle (myocardium)

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narc/o

numbness; sleep (narcotic drug)

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nas/o

nose (nasogastric tube)

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natr/o

sodium (hypernatremia)

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necr/o

death (necrotic tissue)

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nephr/o

kidney (nephrotoxic)

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neur/o

nerve (neurologist)

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norm/o

rule; order (normotensive)

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nos/o

infection (nosocomial)

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ocul/o

eye (ocular)

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ophthalm/o

eye (ophthalmologist)

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opt/o; optic/o

eye; vision (optical)

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-oid

resembling; derived from (thyroid)

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olig/o

scant; slight (oliguria)

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-oma

tumor; mass; fluid collection (carcinoma)

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onc/o

tumor (oncologist)

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oophor/o

ovary (oophorectomy)

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-osis

condition; usually abnormal (thrombosis)

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oste/o

bone (osteocytes)

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ot/o

ear (ototoxic)

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-ous

pertaining to (noxious)

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-oxia; -oxic

oxygen (anoxia; hypoxic)

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pancreat/o

pancreas (pancreatitis)

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para-

near; beside; apart from; along side of (paraplegic)

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-paresis

weakness (hemiparesis)

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path/o

disease (pathophysiology)

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-pathy

disease; emotion (neuropathy; empathy)

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pector/o

chest (pectoral)

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-penia

deficiency (thrombocytopenia; leucopenia)

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-phagia

eating; swallowing (dysphagia)

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phas/o; phasia

speech (dysphasia)

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phleb/o

vein (phlebotomist)

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-plasia

development; formation; growth (hyperplasia)

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-plasty

surgical repair (rhinoplasty)

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-plegia; -plegic

paralysis; palsy (paraplegia; hemiplegic)

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-pnea

breathing (apnea; dyspnea)

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pneum/o pneumon/o

lung; air; gas (pneumothorax)

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post-; poster/o

after; behind (postoperative; posterior)

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pre-

before; in front of (preoperative)

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proxim/o

near (proximal)

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pseudo

false; fake (pseudotumor)

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pulmon/o

lung (pulmonary)

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purul/o

pus (purulent)

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quadri-

four (quadriceps muscle)

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rhino

nose (rhinoplasty)

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-rrhage

busting forth - of blood (hemorrhage)

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-rrhea

flow; discharge (rhinorrhea)

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sanguin/o

fluid - blood (serosanguinous)

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-sclerosis

hardening (arteriosclerosis)

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-scope

instrument for visual examination (endoscope)

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-scopy

process of visual examination with a scope (arthroscopy)

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-sect

to cut (transect)

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seps/o

infection (sepsis)

ser/o

fluid-serum; clear (serous; serosanguinous drainage)

-sis

state of (sepsis)

-spasm

sudden contraction of muscle (venospasm)

-stasis

to stop; control; place (hemostasis)

-static

pertaining to stopping; controlling (hemostatic)

-stenosis

tightening; narrowing (urethrostenosis)

stern/o

sternum (substernal)

-stomy

new opening; to form a mouth (gastrostomy)

sub-

under; below (subarachnoid hemorrhage)

supra-

above; upper (suprasternal)

syncop/o

faint (syncopal episode)

tachy-

fast (tachycardia)

-tension; -tensive

pressure (hypertension; hypertensive)

therm/o

heat (thermometer)

thorac/o

chest (thoracic)

-thorax

chest; pleural cavity (pneumothorax)

thromb/o

clot (thrombosis)

thyroid/o

thyroid gland (thyroidectomy)

-tic

pertaining to (spastic bladder)

-tomy

process of cutting (colostomy)

-toxic

poison (ototoxic)

trache/o

trachea (tracheostomy)

trans-

across; through (transect)

tri-

three (tricuspid valve)

-trophy

development-condition of (hypertrophy)

umblilic/o

umbilicus; navel (umbilicus)

uni-

one (unilateral)

ur/o

urine; urinary tract (urosepsis)

ureter/o

ureter (ureteral stent)

urethr/o

urethra (urethrostenosis)

-uria

urination; condition of urine (dysuria)

urin/o

urine (uninary tract)

-us

structure; thing (thrombus; umbilicus)

uter/o

uterus; womb (uterus)

vascul/o

blood vessel (vascular)

ven/o; ven/i

vein (venospasm)

ventr/o

abdominal side of the body (ventral hernia)

vertebr/o

vertebra; backbone (vertebrosternal rib)

xeri/o

dry (xerofoam dressing)

-y

condition; process (obesity; dusky)

no, not, without

a-, an-

away from

ab-

to, toward, near

ad-

abdomen

abdomin/o

pertaining to

-ac,-al

pertaining to

-an,-ar,-ary

gland

aden/o

fat

adip/o

sensitivity to pain

-algesia

pain

-algia

up; apart; backward; again; anew

ana-

vessel, blood vessel

angi/o

before; forward

ante-

front

anter/o

against

anti-

aorta, largest artery

aort/o

appendix

append/o, appendic/o

artery

ater/o, arteri/o

joint

arthr/o

enzyme

-ase

hearing

audi/o, audit/o

self, own

aut/o, aut-, auto

armpit

axill/o

bacteria

Bacter/i/o

two

bi-

bile, gall

bil/i

arm

brachi/o

slow

brady-

bronchial tube

bronch/o, bronchi/o

cheek

bucc/o

calcium

calc/o

cancerous, cancer

carcin/o

heart

cardi/o

swelling, hernia

-cele, coele

cell level

cell/u

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-centesis

cerebrum, largest part of the brain

cerebr/o

neck

cervic/o

bile; gall

chol/e

gallbladder

cholecyst/o

pertaining to killing

-cidal

colon, large intestine

col/o colon/o

to care for

comi/o

against; opposite

contra-

heart

coron/o

rib

cost/o

skull

cran/i

blue

cyan/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

cyst/o

cell

cyt/o, -cyte

lack of, less

de-

skin

derm/o, derma, dermat/o

sweat

diaphor/o

far; distant

dist/o

back of body

dors/o, dorsi

bad; painful; difficult; abnormal

dys-

pertaining to

-eal

removal; excision; resection

-ectomy

blood condition

-emia

pertaining to blood condition

-emic

in; within

end-, end/o

intestines, usually the small intestine

enter/o

above; upon; on

epi-

red

erythr/o

flushed, redness

erythem/o

action; condition; state of

-esis

out; away from

ex-

stomach

gastr/o

producing, forming

-genesis

old age

-ger/i, geront/o

glucose; sugar

gluc/o, glyc/o

record

-gram

process of recording

-graphy

blood

hem/o, hemat/o

half

hemi-

liver

hepat/o

hernia

herni/o

water

hydr/o

above, excessive, greater than normal

hyper-

deficient, below, under, less than normal

hypo-

uterus/womb

hyster/o

condition

-ia

pertaining to

-iac, -ic, -ine,-ior

abnormal condition

-iasis

iliac

ile/o

groin

inguin/o

between

inter-

within; into

intra-

process, condition

-ism

specialist

-ist

inflammation

-itis

yellow

jaund/o

jejunum

jejun/o

potassium

kal/i

ketones; actetones

ket/o keton

hunch back

kyph/o

abdominal wall; abdomen

lapar/o

side

later/o

white

leuk/o

lipid, fat

lip/o

lobe

lob/o

study, process of

-logy

breakdown; separation; destruction

-lysis

bad

mal-

breast

mamm/o, mast/o

middle

medi/o

enlargement

-megaly

black

melan/o

mind

-ment/o

muscle

my/o

numbness, sleep

narc/o

nose

nas/o

sodium

natr/o

death

necr/o

kidney

nephr/o

nerve

neur/o

rule, order

norm/o

infection

nos/o

eye

ocul/o

eye

ophthalm/o

eye; vision

opt/o, optic/o

resembling, derived from

-oid

scant; slight

olig/o

tumor, mass, fluid collection

-oma

tumor

onc/o

ovary

oophor/o

condition, usually abnormal

-osis

bone

oste/o

ear

ot/o

pertaining to

-ous

oxygen

-oxia, -oxic

pancreas

pancreat/o

near; beside; apart from; along side of

para-

weakness

-paresis

disease

path/o

disease, emotion

-pathy

chest

pector/o

deficiency

-penia

eating, swallowing

-phagia

speech

phas/o, phasia

vein

phleb/o

development, formation, growth

-plasia

surgical repair

-plasty

paralysis, palsy

-plegia, -plegic

breathing

-pnea

lung, air, gas

pneum/o pneumon/o

after, behind

post-, poster/o

before, in front of

pre-

near

proxim/o

false; fake

pseudo

lung

pulmon/o

pus

purul/o

four

quadri-

nose

rhino

busting forth - of blood

-rrhage

flow, discharge

-rrhea

fluid - blood

sanguin/o

hardening

-sclerosis

instrument for visual examination

-scope

process of visual examination with a scope

-scopy

to cut

-sect

infection

seps/o

fluid-serum; clear

ser/o

state of

-sis

sudden contraction of muscle

-spasm

to stop; control; place

-stasis

pertaining to stopping; controlling

-static

tightening; narrowing

-stenosis

sternum

stern/o

new opening, to form a mouth

-stomy

under, below

sub-

above; upper

supra-

faint

syncop/o

fast

tachy-

pressure

-tension; -tensive

heat

therm/o

chest

thorac/o

chest; pleural cavity

-thorax

clot

thromb/o

thyroid gland

thyroid/o

pertaining to

-tic

process of cutting

-tomy

poison

-toxic

trachea

tache/o

across, through

trans-

three

tri-

development-condition of

-trophy

umbilicus, navel

umblilic/o

one

uni-

urine; urinary tract

ur/o

ureter

ureter/o

urethra

urethr/o

urination, condition of urine

-uria

urine

urin/o

structure; thing

-us

uterus, womb

uter/o

blood vessel

vascul/o

vein

ven/o, ven/i

abdominal side of the body

ventr/o

vertebra, backbone

vertebr/o

dry

xeri/o

condition, process

-y

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