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Poli Theory > All of Locke > Flashcards

All of Locke Flashcards

1
Q

John Locke

A
  • Founder of liberal democratic thought
  • Everything is about property
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2
Q

Locke Info

A
  • Born 1632, during the resolutions to Wars of Religion
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3
Q

Second Treatise

A
  • Published in 1695
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4
Q

Preface

A
  • Anti-Robert Filmer
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5
Q

Robert Filmer

A
  • Wrote propaganda that used religion to argue for the divine right of Kings
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6
Q

Chapter 1

A
  • Principle failing of FIlmer is that no diff between legitimate and illegitimate power
  • Defines political power
  • No mention of peace or justice
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7
Q

Political Power

A
  • Political power is defined as being used to support public good
  • Create laws to preserve property
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8
Q

Chapter 2

A
  • State of Nature
  • Peaceful and idyllic, only missing authority
  • Will become inconvenient due to greed
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9
Q

Chapter 3

A
  • State of War occurs when we are violent
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10
Q

Hobbes for Locke

A
  • Wants to make sure no one sees him as Hobbes
  • Doesn’t want to associate with the idea that God puts us in absolute power
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11
Q

SoN = SoW

A
  • Chapter 2 and 3
  • No enforcer in SoN means we always fear war hence SoW
  • Your greedy neighbour will try to steal from you, so you have to defend
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12
Q

SoN and Natural Law

A
  • All humans are equal in SoN under natural law
  • SoN, we all have liberty under natural law
  • Hobbesian proviso, in danger our obligations to other lapse
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13
Q

Locke Natural Law

A
  • Everyone has agreed to it because we’re all equal in the state of nature
  • People have limited power over others
  • All can take law into own hands
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14
Q

Chapter 4

A
  • Slavery, he owned slaves
  • Says it is only justified when one forfeits their right to life by own fault
  • Must be fairly won in war
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15
Q

Property

A
  • Land is given by God and must be mixed with labour in order to be claimed as property
  • All have right to self-preservation
  • There is enough to go around
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16
Q

Proviso 1

A
  • Proviso, good and enough
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17
Q

Proviso 2

A
  • Spoilage proviso can take as much as we need as long as we can use it
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18
Q

SoN and Property

A
  • Most significant property is Earth itself
  • Redescribes SoN as being poverty without labour
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19
Q

Why Own Land?

A
  • We must own land because God did not give it to the wasteful
  • Those who do not improve land do not deserve it
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20
Q

‘Tragedy of the Commons’

A
  • If land is not claimed by a private interest no one has any reason to invest in it
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21
Q

Labour Relevance

A
  • 9/10, 99%, 999/1000
  • Increasing relevance of labour
22
Q

Trade

A
  • Trade allows us to trade that which won’t spoil for that which will
  • Allows us to hold onto wealth
23
Q

Money

A
  • Money to enlarge property
24
Q

Inequality

A
  • Argument for enlargement of land
  • We can hoard the imperishables which creates inequality
25
Q

Chapter 6

A
  • Paternal power is not political power
26
Q

Paternal Power

A
  • Objection to paternal power, neither patriarchal or authoritarian
  • Bold for the day as it was not rested on the Bible
27
Q

Obedience vs. Honour

A
  • Distinguishes obedience and honour
  • Duty to obey parents as a child and honour conditionally
  • Must honour or we won’t get inheritance
28
Q

Chapter 7

A
  • Ignores Christian account of marriage
  • Instead looks to other species who break up when kids are self-sufficient
  • Applies it to women
29
Q

Civil Society

A
  • Formation of civil society
  • Civil society is the product of choice to outsource to a representative
30
Q

Commonwealth

A
  • Purpose of the commonwealth is to punish bad guys
  • Commonwealth is based on convenience now that we have wealth
  • Government exists to punish, takes over from all people
31
Q

Hobbes Response

A
  • Responds to H without mentioning his name
  • Argues against absolute monarchy, still a lack of a neutral judge
32
Q

Chapter 8

A
  • Process to form government, 2 steps
  • 2 objections
33
Q

Step 1 for Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Motivated to create commonwealth out of convenience
  • Giving up liberty in civil society is not giving up much, just right to protect property
  • Loose right to punish to will of collective
34
Q

Step 2 for Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Accept to be governed by will of the majority even if it goes against private desires
35
Q

2 Objections to Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Early govs prove there was never consent, always domination
  • Humans aren’t free as we are always born subject to govs
36
Q

Objection 1 Response

A
  • Most commonwealths originated in monarchies
  • Fathers were entrusted through consent
  • Consent underwrites all government
37
Q

Objection 2 Response

A
  • We are free as we can always choose to leave governments
  • We consent to gov by accepting inheritance, living under laws of the land
  • Tacit and express consent
38
Q

Tacit Consent
Express Consent

A
  • Unspoken (accepting inheritance)
  • Makes citizens subject to commonwealths
39
Q

Chapter 9

A
  • SoN is lacking gov to punish bad guys
  • Law enforces do so because they are mandated by the people
40
Q

Chapter 10

A
  • Democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy
  • All regimes are legit if they are consensual
41
Q

Chapter 11

A
  • Importance of law
  • Legislation is limited by public good
  • 4 limits on legislative power
42
Q

4 Limits on Legislative Power

A
  • Can’t be arbitrary
  • Law can’t change at drop of hat
  • Gov is formed to protect lives, liberty, and property
  • Leg cannot transfer power
43
Q

Chapter 12-13

A
  • Legislation is reps of the people
  • Keep executive in check, can enact law if the executive is bad
44
Q

Chapter 14

A
  • Prerogative, public need to trust leg and exec
  • If abused, people can do nothing but pray
45
Q

Chapter 15

A
  • Paternal, political, and despotic power
46
Q

Political Power

A
  • Power we give to the state to preserve us
  • Must be consented to
47
Q

Despotic Power

A
  • Absolute power
  • No consent
48
Q

Chapter 16

A
  • Conquest is not legit way to form gov as there is no consent
  • Two rights
49
Q

Two Rights

A
  • Body
  • No one else has a right to our families goods
50
Q

Chapter 17

A
  • Usurper is a foreign conqueror
  • Who comes to power without consent has not authority
51
Q

Chapter 18

A
  • A good king will rule will the people in mind
  • A tyrant rules the many with only his interests in mind
  • Can’t resist unless tyrant is using force or taking property
52
Q

Chapter 19

A
  • Govs can be dissolved if 4 legs are broken
  • Advocates for democracy
  • Takes utilitarian state for granted

Poli Theory (8 decks)

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