All mechanisms (P2+P3) Flashcards
Name the mechanism, reagent and conditions from an alkane to a haloalkane
free radical sub
Reagent: halogen
Conditions: UV light
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions from haloalkane to Alcohol
nucleophilic sub
reagent: NaOH
conditions: aqueous
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions from haloalkane to nitrile
nucleophilic sub
reagent: KCN
conditions: ethanol
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions from haloalkane to amine
nucleophilic sub
reagent: excess NH3
conditions: ethanol + heat
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions from haloalkanes to alkenes
Elimination
reagent: NaOH
conditions: ethanol solvent
Name the mechanism and regents from alkene to haloalkane
electrophilic addition
reagent: Halogen halide or halogen.
Name the mechanism and regents from alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulfate.
Electrophilic addition
reagent: H2SO4
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions from alkene to alcohol.
Direct hydration
reagents: steam
conditions and catalyst: conc H3PO4
Name of mechanism, reagents and conditions from alcohols to alkenes.
elimination (dehydration)
reagent: H2SO4
conditions: hot, conc
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene
Electrophilic substitution
reagents and conditions; conc H2SO4 and HNO3
Equation for the NO2+ electrophile being formed for the nitration of benzene?
H2SO4 + HNO3 –> HSO4- + H2O + NO2+
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions for the acylation of benzene
Electrophilic substitution
reagents and conditions; acyl chloride and AlCl3 catalyst
Equation for the RCO+ electrophile being formed for the acylation of benzene?
RCOCl + AlCl3 –> RCO+ + AlCl4-
Equation for the reformation of the catalyst for nitration of benzene
H+ + HSO4- –> H2SO4
Equation for the reformation of the catalyst for the acylation of benzene
AlCl4- + H+ –> HCl + AlCl3
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions of reducing propanal to Propan-1-ol
and state the equation
(same mechanism for ketone to secondary alcohol)
Nucleophilic addition
reagent: NaBH4
nucleophile: H:-
conditions: acidic solvent
CH3CH2CHO + 2[H] –> CH3CH2CH2OH
Name the mechanism, reagents and conditions of reacting propanal or propanone with KCN
state the equation for propanal with KCN and name the product
Nucleophilic addition
reagent: KCN OR HCl
nucleophile: -:CN
conditions: acidic solvent
CH3CH2CHO + -:CN + H+ –> CH3CH2CH(CN)(OH)
Name of product: 2-hydroxybutanenitrile
