All Clinical studies

Question 1

Davis (2009)

Answer 1

Suggested a fith D of duration should be added to the 4Ds

Question 2

Spitzer and Williams (1985)

Answer 2

Experienced psychiatrists only agree on diagnosis 50% of the time.

Question 3

Pederson (2001)

Answer 3

Found that 71% of 116 psychiatrists agree with the ICD-10 definition of depression, which shows high inter-rater reliability.

Question 4

Cochrane et al (1995)

Answer 4

Classification systems are eurocentric

Question 5

Rosenhan (1971)

Answer 5

On being sane in insane places

Question 6

Lauren Slater (2004)

Answer 6

Replicated rosenhan and the findings supported his study

Question 7

Zipursky et al (2007)

Answer 7

Review article showed that PET scans can be used to show how medication blocks dopamine receptors.

Question 8

Brown and Birley (1968)

Answer 8

50% of schizophrenics reported a major life event before relapse which supports the social hypothesis.

Question 9

Hilker et al (2018)

Answer 9

found a 79% heritability rate for schizophrenia

Question 10

Gottesman and Shields (1966)

Answer 10

75% MZ 22% DZ

Question 11

Vassos et al (2012)

Answer 11

Risk of schizophrenia is 2.37 times higher for those living in urban areas vs rural.

Question 12

Faris (1934)

Answer 12

Cultural isolation leads to symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 13

Veling (2008)

Answer 13

Used a questionnaire to suggest that schizphrenia is due to out-group discrimination.

Question 14

Popovich et al (2019)

Answer 14

Childhood trauma increases risk of schizophrenia.

Question 15

Meltzer et al (2004)

Answer 15

Haloperidol gave significant improvements in all areas of schizophrenics functioning.

Question 16

NICE (2014)

Answer 16

CBT is effective in reducting rehospitalisation in schizophrenics for up to 18 months.

Question 17

McKenna + Kingdon (2014)

Answer 17

CBT was only superior to normal treatment in 2/9 studies reviewed.

Question 18

Carlsson (2000)

Answer 18

Meta analysis on the role of neurotransmitter in causing schizophrenia.

Question 19

Lodge et al (1989)

Answer 19

Low glutamate levels may lead to psychosis and negative symptoms

Question 20

Abi-Dargham et al (2012)

Answer 20

Used PET scans to meaure dopamine transmission.

Question 21

OCD-UK (2017)

Answer 21

OCD affects 1.2% of the population.

Question 22

Whiteside et al (2004)

Answer 22

OCD patients have an overactive orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia.

Question 23

Taylor (2013)

Answer 23

230 different genes may be involved in OCD

Question 24

Kirev et al (2013)

Answer 24

Functions performed by the cingulate gyrus can be overtaken by other areas.

Question 25

Trivedi (1996)

Answer 25

People suffering from OCD had low confidence in their memory ability.

Question 26

Williams et al (1997)

Answer 26

OCD sufferers may be hypervigilant

Question 27

Soomro et al (2007)

Answer 27

antidepressents were more effective than a placebo for treating OCD

Question 28

Brody et al (1998)

Answer 28

Differences in metabolism change how people respond to drugs.

Question 29

Overbeek et al (2002)

Answer 29

A third of participants with OCD also had symptoms of depression.

Question 30

POTS (2004)

Answer 30

A combination of drug treatment and OCD was the most effective.