All Clinical studies Flashcards
Davis (2009)
Suggested a fith D of duration should be added to the 4Ds
Spitzer and Williams (1985)
Experienced psychiatrists only agree on diagnosis 50% of the time.
Pederson (2001)
Found that 71% of 116 psychiatrists agree with the ICD-10 definition of depression, which shows high inter-rater reliability.
Cochrane et al (1995)
Classification systems are eurocentric
Rosenhan (1971)
On being sane in insane places
Lauren Slater (2004)
Replicated rosenhan and the findings supported his study
Zipursky et al (2007)
Review article showed that PET scans can be used to show how medication blocks dopamine receptors.
Brown and Birley (1968)
50% of schizophrenics reported a major life event before relapse which supports the social hypothesis.
Hilker et al (2018)
found a 79% heritability rate for schizophrenia
Gottesman and Shields (1966)
75% MZ 22% DZ
Vassos et al (2012)
Risk of schizophrenia is 2.37 times higher for those living in urban areas vs rural.
Faris (1934)
Cultural isolation leads to symptoms of schizophrenia.
Veling (2008)
Used a questionnaire to suggest that schizphrenia is due to out-group discrimination.
Popovich et al (2019)
Childhood trauma increases risk of schizophrenia.
Meltzer et al (2004)
Haloperidol gave significant improvements in all areas of schizophrenics functioning.
NICE (2014)
CBT is effective in reducting rehospitalisation in schizophrenics for up to 18 months.
McKenna + Kingdon (2014)
CBT was only superior to normal treatment in 2/9 studies reviewed.
Carlsson (2000)
Meta analysis on the role of neurotransmitter in causing schizophrenia.
Lodge et al (1989)
Low glutamate levels may lead to psychosis and negative symptoms
Abi-Dargham et al (2012)
Used PET scans to meaure dopamine transmission.
OCD-UK (2017)
OCD affects 1.2% of the population.
Whiteside et al (2004)
OCD patients have an overactive orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia.
Taylor (2013)
230 different genes may be involved in OCD
Kirev et al (2013)
Functions performed by the cingulate gyrus can be overtaken by other areas.
Trivedi (1996)
People suffering from OCD had low confidence in their memory ability.
Williams et al (1997)
OCD sufferers may be hypervigilant
Soomro et al (2007)
antidepressents were more effective than a placebo for treating OCD
Brody et al (1998)
Differences in metabolism change how people respond to drugs.
Overbeek et al (2002)
A third of participants with OCD also had symptoms of depression.
POTS (2004)
A combination of drug treatment and OCD was the most effective.
