all bones Flashcards
coronal suture
separates the frontal and parietal bones
sagittal suture
separates parietal bones from one another
squamosal suture
connects a single temporal bone to a single parietal bone on each side
lamboidal suture
connects both parietal bones with the occipital bone
occipitomastoid suture
separates occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone
sphenosquamosal suture
separates the sphenoid bone and the squamosal portion of the temporal bone
zygomaticotemporal suture
separates the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
how many bones make up the cranium
6 (1 occipital, 1 frontal, 2 temporals, 2 parietals)
superciliary arches
- on the frontal bone
- lie above the medial ends of the eyebrow
glabella
- on the frontal bone
- between the superciliary arches
frontal eminences
- on the frontal bone
- rounding prominences at the upper part of the forehead
supraorbital margin
- on frontal bone
- upper rim of the eye socket
- inferior to the superciliary arches
foramen magnum
- in the occipital bone
- large opening for the spinal cord under the skull
- used to restore decapitations
occipital condyle
- the place where the atlas attaches the skull
- two condyles near the foramen magnum
superior nuchal line
- on the occipital bone
- two curved lines extending out from the external occipital protuberance
- the lower one is called the superior one
occipital protuberance
- on the occipital bone
- small jutting eminence
- midway between the foramen magnum and the angular summit of the bone
parietal bone makes up how much of the cranium
2/3
parietal eminence
- on the parietal bone
- just above the posterior border of the ears
what determines the widest part of the cranium
parietal bones (the eminences)
squama
- in the temporal bone
- scale like and thin, translucent
- curves medially and is relatively deep behind the zygomatic arch
external auditory meatus
- in temporal bone
- ear passage
- tympanic (curved)
- inferior to the squama
mandibular fossa
- in the temporal bone
- part of the squama
- small depression on the under surface
- fits the condyle of the lower jaw
- lies anterior to the ear passage
mastoid process
- in temporal bone
- creates posterior part of the bone
- lateral to the earlobe
- the muscle attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid muscle
zygomatic process
- part of the temporal bone
- connects to the zygomatic arch
- projects from lower part of the squama
- long and thin, extends anteriorly to the cheekbone
- determines the widest part of the face
the 2 interior bones of the cranium
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
ethmoid bone
- cribriform plate
- nose area
sphenoid bone
- shaped like a bat/butterfly
- mostly internal
inferior nasal conchae
- thin bones projecting from the nasal cavity
lacrimal bones
- in the eye socket
- the lacrimal sac can be punctured during tissue building
mandible
- largest bone of the face
- this is a check point for facial curvature
angle of the mandible
- widest part of the jaw
- where the ramus joins the inferior border of the body of the mandible
- it influences the form of the head from a frontal view
- measurement is similar to the distance between zygomatic bones
ramus
- vertical portion of the mandible
- has the mandibular condyle and coronoid process
coronoid process
- located on the mandible
- shaped like a crow beak
- the anterior process of the ramus to which the temporalis muscle attaches
mandibular condyle
- located on the mandible
- posterior process of the ramus
- rounded eminence at the articulation end of the mandible
- goes in the mandibular fossa
body (of the mandible)
- part of the mandible
- the horizontal portion
- has the alveolar margin which holds your teeth
alveolar process
- on the mandible
- holds 16 sockets for teeth
- inferior set of teeth sets lightly with those of the maxilla (affects surface contour)
- loss of teeth will change appearance
mandibular symphysis
- on the mandible
- vertical line found along the midline on the body of the mandible
- two portions meet at a 110 degree angle
mental protuberance
- on the mandible
- triangular, midline elevation found along the external surface of the body of the mandible
- contributes to the formation of the prominence of the chin and its continuous: superiorly with the mandibular symphysis
mental tubercle
- on the mandible
- paired bony prominence on each side of the mental protuberance
alveolar crest
- on the mandible
- between the mental eminence and incisor teeth
- surface recedes
- responsible for recession of central plane of lower integumentary lip
maxilla
- two fused bones
- there are three process (frontal, palatine, zygomatic)
- holds the top teeth
nasal spine
- in the maxilla
- used to anchor mouth closure
- the 2 maxilla bones fuse to form inferior margin of the nasal cavity
- send out a small sharp spur
- projection creates bony anatomical limit of the nose
alveolar margin (process)
- in the maxilla
- thickest and most spongy part of the maxilla
- sockets of 16 teeth
- in adulthood its vertical dimension is increased due to development
frontal process
- in the maxilla bone
- extends superiorly and anteriorly besides a nasal bone
- articulates with frontal bone
- forms most of lateral margin of nasal cavity and medial margin of orbital cavity
- influences the lateral wall of the nose
- most anterior portion of the cheek
incisive fossa
- in the maxilla
- boney depression in the central front area of the undersurface of the bony hard palate, directly behind the incisors
palatine process
- in the maxilla
- forms greater part of the roof of the mouth
- floor of the nasal cavity
- not a surface bone
- has influence on the surface form
zygomatic process
- in the maxilla
- elongated triangular structure
- juts forward to join surface of zygomatic bone
- provides direction of anterior natural concavity of the cheek
nasal bones
- creates the bridge of the nose
- articulation of the two
- anchor cartilage
- lies directly inferior to the glabella
- frontal and lateral surface widen as they descend
vomer bone
- inferior portion of the nasal septum
zygomatic bones
- further part of cheeks
- like a diamond
- creates prominence of the cheek
- determines width of anterior plane of face
- greatest width of anterior plane of face
**but the zygomatic arch is the greatest width
temporal process
- part of zygomatic bone
- surface of a zygomatic bone that articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
- creates arch of the cheek
frontal process
- part of the zygomatic bone
- articulates with the frontal bone
- creates the lateral border of the eye socket
maxillary process
- part of the zygomatic bone
- articulates with the maxilla
- on the inferior and medial region and creates the inferior and lateral border off the eye socket
male vs. female skulls
- male = more prominent supraorbital rim
- female = glabella is more subtle and is lighter with less defined curves bby
