Alkanes and Organics UNIT 1

Question 0

Positional isomers

Answer 0

Have same skeleton and same atoms or groups of atoms attached. The difference is that the atom or group of atoms is attached to a different carbon

Question 1

Chain isomers

Answer 1

Have different arrangement of carbon skeleton. Some are straight and others branched

Question 2

Functional group isomers

Answer 2

Same atoms arranged into different functional groups

Question 3

3 types of structural isomers

Answer 3

Chain
Positional
Functional group

Question 4

What are structural isomers

Answer 4

Have different structural arrangement of atoms

Question 5

Info on thermal cracking

Answer 5

More alkenes formed, due to C-C bond breaking evenly
Takes place at high temp and pressure
Uses homolytic fission
Free radicals are produced which collide into each other
Hydrogen often lost
Alkenes used to make polymers

Question 6

Info on Catalytic cracking

Answer 6

Produces more alkanes as C-C bond breaks unevenly
Uses heterolytic fission
Part of the hydrocarbon molecule held via weak adsorptive bonds by catalyst
Involves re-distribution of the electrons
C-C bond breaks so 1 fragment retains both the bonding electrons and the other contains a highly reactive carbocation
Further reactions take place which involves transfer of hydrogen atoms, forming alkanes
Uses zeolite catalyst, cuts costs as reaction takes place at lower temps and pressure, also speeds up reaction
Mainly forms motor fuels

Question 7

IUPAC rules help to avoid…

Answer 7

Confusion between different countries on different names of organic compounds

Question 8

Cyclohexanes and cyclohexenes have …….. Fewer hydrogens than other alkenes and alkanes

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Crude oil is mainly alkenes or alkanes

Answer 9

alkanes

Question 10

Petroleum is another name for ….

Answer 10

Crude oil, the black stuff collected out of the ground with huge oil wells

Question 11

What are the dangers of carbon monoxide

Answer 11

It is poisonous,the molecules bind to haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells as oxygen molecules. So oxygen can’t be carried around body

Question 12

Burning fossil fuels produces…

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 13

What has caused a rise in greenhouse gases

Answer 13

Human activities

Question 14

How is methane produced

Answer 14

By rubbish rotting in landfill sites, growing more food, cows