Alimentary 4 Flashcards
Which bacteria has different strains that have different virulence factors which result in different clinical syndromes?
E. coli
What is an important cause of enteritis in neonatal animals?
E. coli
What do the virulence factors of E. coli promote?
- Colonization and adhesion
- Metabolic dysfunction or death of enterocytes
- Affect the local or systemic vasculature
- Septicemia
Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis causes what in what species?
Secretory diarrhea in neonatal pigs, calves and lambs.
What is a common sign of enterotoxemic colibacillosis in pigs?
Seen in what age group?
- Edema disease
- A few weeks post-weaning
What is cerebrospinal angiopathy of swine?
What causes it?
- Focal bilaterally symmetric encephalomalacia.
- Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by E. coli
What is clostridial enterotoxemia caused by?
Which type is the most common?
- Clostridium perfringens group type A to E.
- Type D is the most common.
What does Clostridium perfringens type D produce?
What does it cause in sheep?
- Angiotoxin (epsilon toxin)
- Intestinal lesions and focal symmetrical encephalomalacia.
What type of Clostridium perfringens causes clostridial enteritis (necrotic enteritis) in chickens?
Type A
Is Clostridium perfringens a gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive bacilli
Which bacteria causes Tyzzer’s disease?
Clostridium piliforme
What is the main target organ of Tyzzer’s disease?
What other organs can it affect?
- Liver
- Intestine and heart
In what species do you see Colitis X (Typhocolitis)?
Horses
Which 2 bacteria can cause Colitis X?
Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens type A
What is a probable cause of a Colitis X infection?
Dysbacteriosis (often associated with antibiotic therapy or dietary changes) leading to proliferation of toxigenic clostridia.
T/F: All Salmonella species are pathogenic.
True
The clinical diseases associated with Salmonellosis can range from what?
From a localized enterocolitis to septicemia.
What is important in relation to the onset of clinical disease with Salmonellosis?
Stress factors
Is Salmonellosis zoonotic?
Yes
What kinds of acute enteric lesions are seen with Salmonellosis?
Ulcerative and fibrino-necrotizing enterocolitis
What is a possible sequel of Salmonellosis seen in horse lungs?
Embolic mycotic pneumonia
Chronic salmonellosis in pigs produces button ulcers that are similar to those produced with what other pig disease?
Hog cholera
Porcine proliferative enteropathy can be caused by what bacteria?
Lawsonia intracellularis
What part of the intestine is porcine proliferative enteropathy commonly found?
Ileum
Is proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy more common in piglets or adult pigs?
Adult pigs
What type of stain is used to confirm infection with Lawsonia intracellularis?
Silver stain
Which bacteria causes swine dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
What age group is mainly infected by swine dysentery?
8-14 weeks old
What are characteristic clinical signs seen with swine dysentery?
Large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood in feces.
What does Rhodococcus equi cause in young horses?
Enterocolitis
The virulent factors of Rhodococcus equi allow what?
Survival within cytoplasm of macrophages and cause chronic disease.
What is Rhodococcus equi typically associated with?
Suppurative pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals.
What types of lesions does Rhodococcus equi cause?
Ulcerative and pyogranulomatous, associated with prominent regional lymphadenitis.
What bacteria causes Johne’s disease?
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
What are some clinical signs of Johne’s disease?
Diarrhea, emaciation, hypoproteinemia
Cattle affected with Johne’s disease usually show disease when older than what age?
19 months
Where can lesions associated with Johne’s disease be found?
Where are they most common?
- Ileum, cecum, ileocecal valve and proximal colon
- Ileum
Prominent mucosal folds are characteristic of which cattle disease?
Johne’s disease
Which stain is used to confirm mycobacterial infection?
Acid fast stain
Is Granulomatous enteritis with Johne’s disease more prominent in cattle or small ruminants?
Is granulomatous lymphangitis with Johne’s disease more prominent in cattle or small ruminants?
- Cattle
- Small ruminants
Granulomatous colitis is most commonly seen in which breed of dog?
Boxer
Granulomatous colitis in dogs is believed to be associated with what?
Selective intramucosal colonization by specific strains of E.coli.
Cryptosporidiosis is commonly seen in what species?
Calves
How is Cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?
By finding of numerous protozoal organisms attached to the apical surface of enterocytes.
What type of stain can be used to detect cryptosporidiosis?
Toluidine blue
What type of lesions can be seen with coccidial enteritis in goats and sheep?
Nodular lesions about 1/2-1 cm in size that can be seen through the serousal surface.
What kind of enteritis is caused by coccidiosis in calves?
Proliferative, hemorrhagic and necrotizing
What are 2 types of hookworms that affect dogs?
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Uncinaria stenocephala
What is an internal parasite that can be found in older horses that has a predilection for the ileo-cecal valve?
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Trichuris spp. are also known as what?
Whipworm
Where do Trichuris spp. parasitize?
Cecum and colon
“Milk spotted liver” in pigs is caused by what parasite?
Ascaris suum
T/F: Most infections of Trichuris spp are subclinical.
True
Severe infections with Trichuris spp. can lead to what clinical signs?
Bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, anemia
Hookworms may cause what?
Significant anemia and hypoproteinemia in puppies.
Intestinal tumors are most common in what 2 species?
Dogs and cats
Most primary tumors are what kind of tumor?
Carcinomas
What is the most common neoplasm seen in cats?
What form has the highest incidence?
- Lymphosarcoma
- Alimentary form
