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Pathology 2 > Alimentary 4 > Flashcards

Alimentary 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Which bacteria has different strains that have different virulence factors which result in different clinical syndromes?

A

E. coli

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1
Q

What is an important cause of enteritis in neonatal animals?

A

E. coli

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2
Q

What do the virulence factors of E. coli promote?

A
  • Colonization and adhesion
  • Metabolic dysfunction or death of enterocytes
  • Affect the local or systemic vasculature
  • Septicemia
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3
Q

Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis causes what in what species?

A

Secretory diarrhea in neonatal pigs, calves and lambs.

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4
Q

What is a common sign of enterotoxemic colibacillosis in pigs?
Seen in what age group?

A
  • Edema disease

- A few weeks post-weaning

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5
Q

What is cerebrospinal angiopathy of swine?

What causes it?

A
  • Focal bilaterally symmetric encephalomalacia.

- Enterotoxemic colibacillosis caused by E. coli

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6
Q

What is clostridial enterotoxemia caused by?

Which type is the most common?

A
  • Clostridium perfringens group type A to E.

- Type D is the most common.

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7
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens type D produce?

What does it cause in sheep?

A
  • Angiotoxin (epsilon toxin)

- Intestinal lesions and focal symmetrical encephalomalacia.

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8
Q

What type of Clostridium perfringens causes clostridial enteritis (necrotic enteritis) in chickens?

A

Type A

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9
Q

Is Clostridium perfringens a gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria?

A

Gram-positive bacilli

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10
Q

Which bacteria causes Tyzzer’s disease?

A

Clostridium piliforme

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11
Q

What is the main target organ of Tyzzer’s disease?

What other organs can it affect?

A
  • Liver

- Intestine and heart

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12
Q

In what species do you see Colitis X (Typhocolitis)?

A

Horses

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13
Q

Which 2 bacteria can cause Colitis X?

A

Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens type A

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14
Q

What is a probable cause of a Colitis X infection?

A

Dysbacteriosis (often associated with antibiotic therapy or dietary changes) leading to proliferation of toxigenic clostridia.

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15
Q

T/F: All Salmonella species are pathogenic.

A

True

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16
Q

The clinical diseases associated with Salmonellosis can range from what?

A

From a localized enterocolitis to septicemia.

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17
Q

What is important in relation to the onset of clinical disease with Salmonellosis?

A

Stress factors

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18
Q

Is Salmonellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What kinds of acute enteric lesions are seen with Salmonellosis?

A

Ulcerative and fibrino-necrotizing enterocolitis

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20
Q

What is a possible sequel of Salmonellosis seen in horse lungs?

A

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

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21
Q

Chronic salmonellosis in pigs produces button ulcers that are similar to those produced with what other pig disease?

A

Hog cholera

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22
Q

Porcine proliferative enteropathy can be caused by what bacteria?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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23
Q

What part of the intestine is porcine proliferative enteropathy commonly found?

A

Ileum

24
Q

Is proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy more common in piglets or adult pigs?

A

Adult pigs

25
Q

What type of stain is used to confirm infection with Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

Silver stain

26
Q

Which bacteria causes swine dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

27
Q

What age group is mainly infected by swine dysentery?

A

8-14 weeks old

28
Q

What are characteristic clinical signs seen with swine dysentery?

A

Large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood in feces.

29
Q

What does Rhodococcus equi cause in young horses?

A

Enterocolitis

30
Q

The virulent factors of Rhodococcus equi allow what?

A

Survival within cytoplasm of macrophages and cause chronic disease.

31
Q

What is Rhodococcus equi typically associated with?

A

Suppurative pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals.

32
Q

What types of lesions does Rhodococcus equi cause?

A

Ulcerative and pyogranulomatous, associated with prominent regional lymphadenitis.

33
Q

What bacteria causes Johne’s disease?

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

34
Q

What are some clinical signs of Johne’s disease?

A

Diarrhea, emaciation, hypoproteinemia

35
Q

Cattle affected with Johne’s disease usually show disease when older than what age?

A

19 months

36
Q

Where can lesions associated with Johne’s disease be found?

Where are they most common?

A
  • Ileum, cecum, ileocecal valve and proximal colon

- Ileum

37
Q

Prominent mucosal folds are characteristic of which cattle disease?

A

Johne’s disease

38
Q

Which stain is used to confirm mycobacterial infection?

A

Acid fast stain

39
Q

Is Granulomatous enteritis with Johne’s disease more prominent in cattle or small ruminants?
Is granulomatous lymphangitis with Johne’s disease more prominent in cattle or small ruminants?

A
  • Cattle

- Small ruminants

40
Q

Granulomatous colitis is most commonly seen in which breed of dog?

A

Boxer

41
Q

Granulomatous colitis in dogs is believed to be associated with what?

A

Selective intramucosal colonization by specific strains of E.coli.

42
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is commonly seen in what species?

A

Calves

43
Q

How is Cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

A

By finding of numerous protozoal organisms attached to the apical surface of enterocytes.

44
Q

What type of stain can be used to detect cryptosporidiosis?

A

Toluidine blue

45
Q

What type of lesions can be seen with coccidial enteritis in goats and sheep?

A

Nodular lesions about 1/2-1 cm in size that can be seen through the serousal surface.

46
Q

What kind of enteritis is caused by coccidiosis in calves?

A

Proliferative, hemorrhagic and necrotizing

47
Q

What are 2 types of hookworms that affect dogs?

A
  • Ancylostoma caninum

- Uncinaria stenocephala

48
Q

What is an internal parasite that can be found in older horses that has a predilection for the ileo-cecal valve?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

49
Q

Trichuris spp. are also known as what?

A

Whipworm

50
Q

Where do Trichuris spp. parasitize?

A

Cecum and colon

51
Q

“Milk spotted liver” in pigs is caused by what parasite?

A

Ascaris suum

52
Q

T/F: Most infections of Trichuris spp are subclinical.

A

True

53
Q

Severe infections with Trichuris spp. can lead to what clinical signs?

A

Bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, anemia

54
Q

Hookworms may cause what?

A

Significant anemia and hypoproteinemia in puppies.

55
Q

Intestinal tumors are most common in what 2 species?

A

Dogs and cats

56
Q

Most primary tumors are what kind of tumor?

A

Carcinomas

57
Q

What is the most common neoplasm seen in cats?

What form has the highest incidence?

A
  • Lymphosarcoma

- Alimentary form

Pathology 2 (10 decks)

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