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Pathology 2 > Alimentary 3 > Flashcards

Alimentary 3 Flashcards

0
Q

T/F: Atresia coli is a congenital anomaly.

A

True

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1
Q

What is the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine of domestic animals?

A

Atresia coli

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2
Q

What is intestinal stenosis?

A

Incomplete occlusion of the intestinal lumen.

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3
Q

What is intestinal atresia?

A

Complete occlusion/obliteration of the intestinal lumen.

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4
Q

What is atresia ani?

What is commonly seen with this condition?

A
  • Imperforate anus.

- Megacolon

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5
Q

What is congenital colonic aganglionosis also known as?

What species is it found in?

A
  • Lethal white syndrome

- Foals (horses)

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6
Q

What type of disorder is congenital colonic aganglionosis?

What breed is it most prevalent in?

A
  • Autosomal recessive genetic disorder

- American Paint Horse

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7
Q

What is the fatal complication associated with congenital colonic aganglionosis?

A

Can’t excrete meconium due to the absence of myenteric and submucosal parasympathetic ganglia in the wall of the ileum, cecum and colon leading to intestinal immotility and colic.

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8
Q

What is an enterolith?

What species is it commonly found in?

A
  • Composed of concentric lamellae of magnesium, ammonium phosphate (struvite) deposit around a foreign body such as a nail or wire.
  • Horses
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9
Q

What is a trichobezoar?

What species can these be found in?

A
  • Hairballs

- Cows, dogs, cats

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10
Q

What are phytobezoars/phytotrichobezoars?

A

Composed mainly of plant material impregnated with some phosphate salts that may be found in the colon of horses.

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11
Q

What type of parasitic problem can be found in foals?

A

Ascarid impaction

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12
Q

Rectal stricture can be seen in what species?

What is commonly the cause?

A
  • Pigs

- Chronic salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium

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13
Q

What can also lead to stricture and stenosis within the GI tract?

A

Penetrating wounds

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14
Q

What is a hernia?

A

The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ/tissue through an abdominal opening.

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15
Q

What is an internal hernia?

Is this condition common or rare?

A
  • Displacement of intestine through a normal or abnormal foramina within the abdominal cavity.
  • Rare
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16
Q

What is an external hernia?

A

Displacement of loops of intestine, omentum and occasionally other viscera outside the abdominal cavity.

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17
Q

What is a hernial sac?

A

Pouch containing displaced contents.

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18
Q

What is a hernial ring?

A

Opening in abdominal wall which could be acquired or natural through which the hernial sac protrudes.

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19
Q

What does the term eventration refer to?

A

If displaced abdominal contents are not covered by parietal peritoneum or skin.

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20
Q

A diaphragmatic hernia is often seen secondary to what?

A

Trauma

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21
Q

Herniation of what two organs are more common?

A

Liver and loops of small intestine

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22
Q

Incarceration of a small piece of intestine with a scrotal hernia can lead to what?

A

Venous infarction, sepsis, death

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23
Q

In horses, herniation of small intestine can occur through what?
What type of hernia is this considered?

A
  • Epiploic foramen

- Internal hernia

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24
Q

What can cause intestinal strangulation?

A

Pedunculated lipomas

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25
Q

What is an intestinal condition in horses that can result in severe colic?

A

Intussusception

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26
Q

What are some clinical signs of inflammation of the intestines?

A

Diarrhea leading to dehydration, acidosis, malabsorption, hypoproteinemia, electrolyte imbalance which can result in death.

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27
Q

Severe inflammatory disease causes loss of mucosal integrity, increasing mucosal permeability which may lead to what?

A

Fatal endotoxic shock

28
Q

Endotoxins have a severe detrimental effect on what?

A

Cardiovascular function contributing to circulatory failure.

29
Q

What virus causes bovine viral diarrhea?

A

Pestivirus

30
Q

Peyer’s patch necrosis is diagnostic for what disease?

A

BVD

31
Q

Cattle affected with the most severe form of BVD are in what age range?

A

6 months to 2 years.

32
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever is caused by what virus?

A

Gamma herpesvirus (genus rhadinovirus)

33
Q

What species are effected by malignant catarrhal fever?

A

A variety of ruminants including bison and cervids.

34
Q

What form of malignant catarrhal fever do we have in the US?

A

Sheep-associated MCF

35
Q

What histological signs of MCF can be found in several organs and tissues of an animal with MCF?

A

Fibrino-necrotizing vasculitis with prominent lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates.

36
Q

This is a common cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves.

Can be seen with what other agents?

A
  • Enteric coronaviral infections

- Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium

37
Q

What is seen with transmissible gastro-enteritis?

In what species does this have a high mortality rate in the young?

A
  • Severe villus atrophy and fusion.

- Pigs

38
Q

Rotavirus causes what symptom in what age group?

Of what species?

A
  • Diarrhea in young animals.

- Any species.

39
Q

Rotavirus causes damage to what?

Resulting in what?

A
  • Surface enterocytes

- Variable degrees of villous atrophy.

40
Q

Subclinical infections of rotavirus are common in what species?

A

Piglets

41
Q

What virus causes parvovirus enteritis in puppies?

A

Canine parvovirus 2

42
Q

What virus causes parvovirus enteritis in cats?

Lesions are often found where?

A
  • Feline panleukopenia virus

- In the bone marrow.

43
Q

Sheep-associated MCF is caused by what virus?

A

Ovine herpesvirus 2

44
Q

Where is a common place for ulcerative lesions to be found in cattle with MCF?

A

Oral cavity

45
Q

Does TGEV have a low or high mortality rate?

A

High

46
Q

T/F: Lesions produced by coronavirus are similar to those produced by rotavirus.

A

True

47
Q

Parvovirus enteritis can cause what clinical signs?

A

Bloody diarrhea, dehydration

48
Q

What virus can cause Peyer’s patch necrotizing lesions in dogs?

A

Parvovirus

49
Q

With dogs, the main lesions seen with parvovirus are located where?

A

Intestines

50
Q

With cats, the main lesions seen with parvovirus (feline panleukopenia) are located where?

A

Bone marrow

51
Q

What does FIP stand for?

A

Feline infectious peritonitis

52
Q

How many forms of FIP are there?

What are they called?

A
  • 2

- Wet and dry form

53
Q

Does FIP have a high mortality rate?

What age range is most susceptible?

A
  • Yes

- Young, 1 year or less.

54
Q

Fibrinous plaques on visceral organ surface is characteristic of what disease?
Where do the lesions tend to be located on the organs?

A
  • FIP

- Following blood vessels

55
Q

A ddx for the fibrinous plaques seen with FIP could be what?

A

Lymphosarcoma

56
Q

Sheep-associated MCF is caused by what virus?

A

Ovine herpesvirus 2

57
Q

Where is a common place for ulcerative lesions to be found in cattle with MCF?

A

Oral cavity

58
Q

Does TGEV have a low or high mortality rate?

A

High

59
Q

T/F: Lesions produced by coronavirus are similar to those produced by rotavirus.

A

True

60
Q

Parvovirus enteritis can cause what clinical signs?

A

Bloody diarrhea, dehydration

61
Q

What virus can cause Peyer’s patch necrotizing lesions in dogs?

A

Parvovirus

62
Q

With dogs, the main lesions seen with parvovirus are located where?

A

Intestines

63
Q

With cats, the main lesions seen with parvovirus (feline panleukopenia) are located where?

A

Bone marrow

64
Q

What does FIP stand for?

A

Feline infectious peritonitis

65
Q

How many forms of FIP are there?

What are they called?

A
  • 2

- Wet and dry form

66
Q

Does FIP have a high mortality rate?

What age range is most susceptible?

A
  • Yes

- Young, 1 year or less.

67
Q

Fibrinous plaques on visceral organ surface is characteristic of what disease?
Where do the lesions tend to be located on the organs?

A
  • FIP

- Following blood vessels

68
Q

A ddx for the fibrinous plaques seen with FIP could be what?

A

Lymphosarcoma

Pathology 2 (10 decks)

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