Alfred short tutorial (non neurology) Flashcards
What is a wide pulse pressure
>60
Apex beat in mitral regurg
Displaced
How to describe the character of the apex beat
- Pressure loaded - suggests hypertrophied
- Volume loaded/dyskinetic
- Tapping apex beat - mitral stenosis (indicating a palpable first heart sound)
What does a palpable heave suggest
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Where do you hear the first heart sound
Apex
Mitral regurg = soft
Mitral stenosis = loud
Where is best to auscultate for tricuspid regurg
Left lower sternal edge
Where do you best hear aortic regurg
Left sternal edge
When does the first heart sound occur
End of diastole
What does a loud S1 indicate
Reduced diastolic filling
What happens to the first heart sound in severe MR?
Soft S1 (a sign of severity)
What condition causes a variable first heart sound
Atrial fibrillation - due to variatoini in duration of diastole
What causes a fixed split of the 2nd heart sound
ASD
What causes of wide split in the 2nd heart sound that varies with inspiration
Pulmon stenosis/RBBB
Most common cause of a variable wide split of 2nd heart sound
Right bundle branch block
How do u differentiation reversed splitting with normal splitting
In expiration not inspiration
When does the S3 occur
During diastole (S2 is the end of systole)