Alexander II’s later years

Question 1

Alexander II’s later years

Answer 1

after 1866, Alex II had many attempted assassinations on his life
prompted him to introduce a more repressive policy
he was now less inclined to resist the reactionary conservatives who believed he’d gone too far with his reform
he began replacing his liberal ministers with more conservative ones

Question 2

Education

Answer 2

Dimitry Tolstoy become minister of Ed
he believed tight control was needed to eradicate Western liberal ideas
reduced Z power + increased churches
made gimnaziya skls follow traditional curriculum = history, English + science abandoned
censorship tightened + strict control over student activity
many preferred uni abroad

Question 3

Police, Law and Control

Answer 3

Pytor Shuvalov = head of 3rd section
increased persecution of ethnic minorities

Konstantin Pahlen = minister of justice
introduced show trials to defer others from rebelling

Question 4

What happened in the late 1870’s

Answer 4

late 1870’s = political crisis
Russo - Turkish war = 1877-78
famine = 1879-80

attempts on the Tsar’s like in 1879-80 led him to accept that the violence + unrest might be better curbed by widening democratic consultation

Question 5

Loris-Melikov Constitution

Answer 5

Mikhail Loris-Melikov was = minister of internal affairs
he released political prisoners, relaxed censorship, removed salt tax + lifted restrictions off Z
3rd section abolished –> power given back to regular police

in 1880, Loris-Melikov produced a report in response to Z demands
Tsar accepted + signed on the 13th march 1881
same day tsar was killed