Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

What is a carbonyl compound?

Answer 1

Any molecule that contains a carbonyl group, which is a carbon-oxygen double bond

Question 2

What is an aldehyde?

Answer 2

If the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain (structural formula = RCHO)

Question 3

How do you name aldehydes?

Answer 3

-anal

Question 4

What is a ketone?

Answer 4

If the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 carbons (structural formula= RCOR’)

Question 5

How do you name ketones?

Answer 5

-anone

Question 6

What is a carboxylic acid?

Answer 6

If the carbonyl group is attached to an OH group (structural formula= RCOOH)

Question 7

How do you name carboxylic acids?

Answer 7

-anoic acid

Question 8

What are the properties of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids?

Answer 8

All = Van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole forces.

Carboxylic acids = hydroxyl group, so they also hydrogen bonding.

Compared to aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbons, carboxylic acids have higher melting and boiling points.

Longer carbon chain = higher melting and boiling points