alcohols Flashcards
how to name alcohols
end in ol
contain the hydroxyl group OH
what is the general formula
CnH2n+1+OH
what are the three different types alcohol can be subdivided into?
primary
secondary
tertiary
what does a primary alcohol look like?
has at least H atoms, attached to a C
start or end of the chain
what does a secondary alcohol look like?
one H atom, OH attached to C
joined to an intermediate carbon atom (middle)
what does a tertiary alcohol look like?
OH is attached to a C that is NOT attached to any H
what is the polarity of alcohols?
they are polar because of the OH
results in hydrogen bonding
high bp and viscosity
what happens when the number of OH increases?
the bp increase as more hydrogen bonds can be formed between molecules
what is an alcohol called with more than 1 OH group
polypols
how to manufacture alcohol?
fermentation of sugars
made industrially using an addition reaction
what do alcohols dissolve in?
polar liquids such as water
not non polar liquids
what happens to the bp as the number of carbon atoms increase in a alcohol
makes hydrogen bonding
but has more intermolecular forces to break so high bp
what happens to the solubility of alcohols as the number of carbon atoms increase
less soluble as makes hydrogen bonding but the carbon atoms don’t dissolve so more left over
