Alcohols

Question 1

Primary Alcohol

Answer 1

Carbon with -OH group has one R’ group coming off it

Question 2

Secondary Alcohol

Answer 2

Carbon with -OH group has two R’ groups coming off it

Question 3

Tertiary Alcohol

Answer 3

Carbon with -OH group has three R’ groups coming off it

Question 4

Why is the boiling point of Alcohols higher than Alkanes?

Answer 4

Van der Waals forces between molecules as well as Hydrogen Bonding

Question 5

How are Alcohols produced industrially?

Answer 5

Hydration of alkenes (electrophilic addition) in the presence of an acid catalyst e.g. H2SO4
60atm 300°

Question 6

How can Ethanol be produced industrially?

Answer 6

Fermentation of Glucose
Yeast catalyst
Fractionally distilled to get pure Ethanol
35°
Cheap and Renewable

Question 7

Biofuel

Answer 7

Made from biological matter that has recently died
Renewable

Question 8

Ethical issues surrounding Biofuels

Answer 8

Contributes to global warming as burning ethanol produces CO2
Crop farming for biofuel may lead to less food for country

Question 9

Oxidation of Primary Alcohols

Answer 9

Primary Alchools can be Oxidised to Aldehydes and then Carboxylic Acids

Question 10

Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols

Answer 10

Secondary Alcohols can only be oxidised to Ketones

Question 11

Oxidation of Tertiary Alcohols

Answer 11

Tertiary Alcohols cannot be oxidised

Question 12

What oxidising agent is used in the oxidation of alcohols?

Answer 12

Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Colour changes from orange to green

Question 13

Tollens Reagent

Answer 13

[Ag(NH3)2]+, reduced to silver when warmed with an aldehyde forming a silver mirror

Question 14

Fehlings Solution

Answer 14

Reduced to brick red precipitate when warmed with an aldehyde