Alcoholism

Question 1

DSM-5 Definition of Alcoholism

Answer 1

problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress (within 12-month period)

• tolerance (neuroadaptation to substance)
• desire to cut back/quit
• lots of time spent obtaining alcohol/recovering
• recurrent/continued use despite problems (gets in way of other activities)
• range of severities (more symptoms = more severe = more intense treatment)

Question 2

Tolerance

Answer 2

reduced sensitivity requiring higher quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve same effects

Question 3

Withdrawal

Answer 3

set of symptoms that can occur when individual reduces or stops alcohol consumption

• tremor, insomnia, N/V, hallucinations, anxiety, agitation, seizure, and autonomic instability
• craving -> physical & psychological

Question 4

Graph on slide 7

Answer 4

• Latent Trait –> mathematical model of a variable (could be anything but in graph it is severity of drinking)
• Probability of Criterion Endorsement -> the probability that individual with latent trait will meet the criteria

Question 5

Other addictive disorders

Answer 5

can be behavioral addictions –> increasing consistent evidence that some behaviors activate brain reward system

Question 6

Assessment of Alcohol Abuse

Answer 6

C - ever felt you should Cut down drinking?
A - people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
G - ever felt Guilty about drinking?
E - ever had drink first thing in morning to steady your nerves or get rid of hangover (Eye-opener)?

Question 7

Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 7

AA, motivational interviewing, relapse prevention, harm reduction

Question 8

Alcoholics Anonymous

Answer 8

Self-help approach -> meetings lead by non-professionals, new enrollees paired with sponsor

• 12 step program
• spiritual basis -> involves placing control over life and cravings in a higher power
• Abstinence based

Question 9

Motivational Interviewing for alcohol

Answer 9

person-centered, goal oriented

- enhance motivation to change

Question 10

Phases of motivational interviewing

Answer 10

Phase I -> resolve ambivalence and build motivation

Phase II -> strengthen commitment and create plan

Question 11

Transtheoretical Model

Answer 11

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Determination/Preparation
Action
Maintenance
- approximately 80% are in precontemplation/contemplation
- success is defined by movement of 1-stage to next

Question 12

Relapse Prevention

Answer 12

primary focus is on maintenance of habit

• purpose is to prevent occurrence of initial lapses and preventing any lapse escalating into total relapse
• self-control –> acquire new coping skills, new cognitions, develop daily lifestyles

Question 13

Harm Reduction

Answer 13

public health alternative to moral/criminal disease models of drug use and addiction

• abstinence is ideal outcome but accepts other alternatives
• safer route of administration, safer substances, reduce frequency, reduce intensity, reduce consequences

Question 14

Strategies to Reduce Alcohol Consumption

Answer 14

Keep track
Slow down
Space your drinks
Select different types of drinks
Drink for quality instead of quantity
Enjoy mild effects