Alcohol Flashcards
Patterns of alcohol use
- Quantity of alcohol use
- Frequency of alcohol use
- Characteristics of the user (gender, age, genetics, personality)
- Location of use (at home, pub, in a restaurant)
- Company of the user
- Type of alcohol being used
- Motivation of drinking alcohol
Positive consequences of alcohol use
- Prevention of coronary heart disease
- Prevention of diabetes
- Prevention of osteoporosis after menopause
Negative consequences of alcohol use
ACUTE
- impulsitivity
- Aggression
- hostility
- accidents
- fights
CHRONIC
- cardiovascular problems
- liver diseases
- neurological impariements
- birth defects
Types of alcohol related probems
- Alcohol dependence
- alcohol intoxication
- delirium tremens
- pathological drunkenness
- alcoholic psychosis
- alcoholic psychosyndrome
- binge drinking
DSM-V criteria: alcohol use disorder
Withdrawal, loss of control, tolerance, craving, negative effects.
- Withdrawal symptoms
- use in larger amounts of for longer periods than intended
- need for larger amounts to achieve the same effect
- persistent desire or unsuccessful effort to cut down on alcohol use
- time is spent obtaining alcohol or recovering from effects
- Use is continued despite knowledge of alcohol-related harm (physical or psychological).
AUDIT: alcohol use disorder identification test
zone 1 - alcohol education - 0-7 schore
zone 2 - simple advice - 8-15 score
zone 3 - simple advice + brief counseling - 16-19 score
zone 4 - referral to specialist for diagnostic evaluation and treatment - 20-40 score
Alcohol intoxication
- 3-0.4% blood alcohol concentration
- depression of the CNS
- lapses in and out for consciousness
- impaired sensations
- comatose sleep
- high pulse - 4-0.5% blood alcohol concentration
- respiratory problems
- coma
- possibility of death
Delirium tremens
- Rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol
- shaking, shivering
- nausea, vomiting
- irregular heart rate
- anxiety and depression
- high body temperature
- psychotic state (visual and tactile hallucinations)
- comatose state (life threatening state; needs immediate hospitalization and medication)
- Seizure
Pathological drunkness
“allergic reaction” to alcohol
- genetic reasons
- rare phenomenon
- Small amounts can cause senseless violent behavior, usually followed by exhaustion and amnesia for the episode
- psychotic state and symptoms
- Can be used in legal defense, can dispense from a criminal act
Alcohol psychosis
Alcohol induced psychotic state
- onset in relation to acute withdrawal or severe intoxication
- delusions
- hallucinations
- abnormal psychomotor behavior
- negative symptoms
Alcoholic psychosyndrome
- organic brain syndrome
- damaged neurons in the brain
- dementia
- deterioration of intelligence and cognitive functions
- Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
Disorientation
amnesia
confabulation
ataxia
Types of alcholoics (based on Cloning)
TYPE I: (environment?)
- begins after 25 years
- gradual deterioriation
- family history rare
- introversion, anxiety, guilt
- more promising outcome
TYPE II: (genetics?)
- starts in the early years
- mostly male
- family is also affected
- instable, impulsive, antisocial
- bad prognosis
Personality related differences
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTS
- extroverts
- impulsive and aggressive
- sensation seeking
- male
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
- introverts
- anxiety and depression
- neurotic
- female
Motivational aspect of alcohol use
- expectation of a certain outcome
- function of drinking alcohol
- decision making: to drink or not to drink?
- experienced change
- -> direct effect (chemical, euphoria, tension reduction)
- -> indirect effect (social, acceptance of peers)
