Alcohol Flashcards
How readily is Alcohol absorbed?
Absorbed readily by entire GIT.
What is the rate of absorption dependant on?
Amount of fat in stomach. More fat, less readily absorbed.
What causes flushing?
Decrease in enzyme that converts stuff.
Where does Alcohol metabolism occur?
In the Liver.
What is energy output from Alcohol?
29 kJ/gram.
What is energy output from Carbohydrate?
17 kJ/gram.
What is energy output from Fat?
37 kJ/gram.
What is energy output from Protein?
17 kJ/gram.
What happens to Alcohol?
Converted to Acetaldehyde.
What enzyme works on Alcohol?
Alcohol Dehydrogenase.
What happens to NAD+/NADH ratio when Alcohol is oxidised?
Decreases. NAD+ is used to produce NADH.
What happens to Acetaldehyde?
It is converted to Acetate.
What enzyme works on Acetaldehyde?
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase.
What happens to NAD+/NADH ratio when Acetaldehyde is oxidised?
Decreases. NAD+ is used to produce NADH.
What happens to Acetate?
Converted to Acetyl CoA.
What enzyme works on Acetate?
Acetyl CoA Synthase.
What is another way for Alcohol to be converted to Acetaldehyde?
MEOS. Microsomal Ethanol Oxidising System.
Where does MEOS occur?
Microsome.
What does MEOS require?
Special Enzyme CYP2E1, a member of Cytochrome P450, and NADPH which will be converted to NADP+
Effects of excess Alcohol?
More Acetyl CoA. To use up Acetyl CoA Fatty Acid Synthesis will increase greatly.
How does the body try to decrease the NADH/NAD+ ratio?
By converting Pyruvate to Lactate.
Effects of low NAD+?
Hypoglycaemia. Less pyruvate for GNG also since less CAC is happening, less Oxolacetate.
