ALCHOLSS

Question 1

uWhat groups have naming priorities over alcohols

Answer 1

Carboxylic acids, ketones and aldehydes

Question 2

Primary alcohols

Answer 2

2 hydrogens
1 R groups

Question 3

Secondary alcohols

Answer 3

1 Hydrogen
2 R groups

Question 4

Tertiary alcohols

Answer 4

0 hydrogen
3 R groups

Question 5

Polar or non polar

Answer 5

Polar due to the difference in electronegativity

Question 6

bondong

Answer 6

both hydrogen bonding and london forces

Question 7

Volaoty

Answer 7

How regularly a alcohol turns into a gas.

Question 8

Oxidation of PRIMARY alcohols

Answer 8

• Common oxidizing agent = K2Cr2O7/H+ or [O] (acidified potassium dichromate - yellow )
• during the reaction the dichromate (VI) in is reduced to chromium(III) ion turing the solution green

alcohol to aldehydes

when aldehydes are oxides they form carboxylic acids - uses concentrated sulfuric acid rather than dilute sulfuric acid and heat under reflux.

Question 9

Oxidation of SECONDARY & TERTIARY alcohols

Answer 9

When a secondary alcohol is oxidised we make a Ketone* + water

• If Potassium dichromate is used as the oxidising agent then the solution turns from orange to green.

we heat the alcohol under reflux.

Ketones can be oxidized further.

No hydrogens bonded to the carbon means that the alcohol cant be oxidised further. - general overview

Question 10

DEHYDRATION of alcohols

Answer 10

• Heat under reflux
• Alcohol to alkene
• Concentrated sulfuric acid H3PO4 or Concentrated phosphoric (V) acid H2SO4
• purified by distillation
• example of elimination reaction (small molecule e.g water is removed from a large molecule)

Question 11

Haloalkanes from Alcohols

Answer 11

• example of substitution reaction
• distillation to separate

Question 12

combustion produces ?

Answer 12

carbon dioxide and waterrr

tip : balance the oxygen on the reactant side last

Question 13

Hydration of alchols

Answer 13

alkene to alchol

Steam AND acid catalyst ✔ ( H2SO4 or H3PO4)