Additions and & Hydration of alkenes

Question 1

What is an electrophile

Answer 1

Electron pair acceptor

Question 2

Hydrogen halides

Answer 2

Question 3

Symmetrical electrophilic addition of alkenes and halides

ethene and hydogenbromide

Answer 3

Question 4

Markownikoff’s Rule for Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes that are asymmetrical.

Answer 4

• Secondary carbocation is more stable as it has 2 R groups and 1 hydrogen making it the MAJOR carbocation.

Markownikoff’s Rule - halides are more likely to form a minor product.

When a hydrogen halide reacts with an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen atom of the halide is more likely to bond to the carbon atoms which is attached to the greater number of hydrogen atoms

Question 5

Halogenens and Alkenes

Answer 5

Electrophilic addiction

broimne in alkene goes from orange and declourlies

Question 6

Halogen reactions with alkenes vs Halide reactions with alkenes

Answer 6

Question 7

state of water in hydartion of alkenes

Answer 7

Steam

Question 8

Conditions of hydration to take place

Answer 8

Phosphoric acid catalyst H3PO 4

300 degrees celsius
60 atm

Question 9

Hydration of alkenes
use an example with ethene

Answer 9

Question 10

Conditions used for the hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 10

Nickel catalyst
150 degrees celsius

Hydrogenation of an alkene adds 2 hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond.

Vegetable oils are unsaturated and may be hydrogenated to make margarine, which has a higher melting point due to stronger London Dispersion Forces

Question 11

Sulfuric acid and ethene electrophilicsub

Answer 11

Question 12

Sulfuric acid and ethene hydration

Answer 12

Question 13

Moni=omer

Answer 13

always has diuble boind betwwen carbn atoms