Alchene Flashcards

1
Q

Ce sunt alchenele+ formula structurala
Alta denumire?

A

Hc nesaturate aciclice ce contin o leg dubla
CnH2n
Se mai numesc si OLEFINE datorita proprietatii lor de a se transforma prin HALOGENARE in comusi saturati cu aspect ULEIOS

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2
Q

Izomeri

A

De catena, de pozitie, de functiune, geometrica

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3
Q

Stare de agregare

A

C2-> C4 gaze
C5-> C18 lichide
C19< solide

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4
Q

Solubilitate si aspect

A

Compusi nepolari, insolubili in apa, alcool, acetona
Solubil in solventi organici
Aspect ext asem alcanilor:
Gaze: incolore, inodore
Lichide: galbui, uleioase, miros caracteristic de petrol
Solide: albe, amorfe

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5
Q

Pf si Pt+ densitate

A

Cresc o data cu M, mai mici decat ale alcanilor omologi
Pf: izobutena<butanul<1 butena< trans 2-butena< cis 2-butena
Densitatea e mai mare decat a alcanilor omologi
Izo trans au Pt mai mare decat izo cis
Izo cis au Pf, densitatea, solubilitatea mai ridicate decat izo trans

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6
Q

Descompunerea termica a alcanilor

A

Cracare+ degidrogenare: metode de preparare

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7
Q

Deshidratarile intramoleculare ale alcoolilor

A

Metoda de preparare
Cond: H2SO4
+regula lui Zaitev

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8
Q

Dehidrohalogenarea derivatilor halogenati

A

Metoda de preparare
Cond: NaOH/R-OH
Zaitev

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9
Q

Proprietati chimice

A

Legatura pi este o legatura mai slaba decat legatura sigma=> reactivitatea mai mare a alchenelor

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10
Q

Aditia H

A

Cond: Ni, 80-100°C, 200 atm
Ni este centrul de reactie (reactia are loc la centrii activi ai catalizatorului)- mecanism de cataliza eterogena
Participantii sunt fluizi, catalizatorul este solid

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11
Q

Aditia de halogeni

A

Cond: CCl4, diclorometan, sulfura de carbon (solvent inert, absoarbe caldura formata in reactie)

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