alcani Flashcards

1
Q

formulă generală

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

legăturile

A

C-C, C-H

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3
Q

un at de H substituit

A

metil

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4
Q

doi at de H

A

metilen, metiliden

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5
Q

trei at de H substituiti

A

metilidin
metin

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6
Q

nr la denumire

A

catena cea mai lunga
primu c acolo unde ramificatia e mai aproape si au cel mai mic nr la suma

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7
Q

izoalcani
i-alcani

A

ramficate catenele

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8
Q

n-alcani
normal alcani

A

catena liniara

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9
Q

izo- plus numele alcanului

A

la al doilea C avem un radical metil

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10
Q

neo- plus numele alcanului

A

2 radicali metil la al doilea C

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11
Q

agregare

A

inf gaze (pana la neopentanul)
lichizi
solizi peste C18

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12
Q

p.f

A

cresc odata cu cresterea nr de C (mai constanta decat cele de topire)

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13
Q

odată cu cresterea ramificației

A

scade p.f

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14
Q

densitatea

A

crește cu cresterea nr de C, dar mai mica decat H20 ramane

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15
Q

miros

A

inferiori inodor
superiori caracteristic

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16
Q

scindare C-C

A

cracare
izomerizare
ardere

17
Q

legaturi

A

covalente simple

18
Q

scindare leg C-H

A

substituție
deshidrogenare
oxidare

19
Q

cracare

A

temp <650°
alcani si alchene inferioare

20
Q

izomerizare

A

catalizatori:
AlCl3 sau AlBr3 la 50-100°
de la n- la izo-

21
Q

ardere

A

+nO2 si rezulta nCO2 si nH2O pus degajare de caldura

22
Q

metan ardere incompleta*

A

CO + 2H2 deci gaz de sinteza

23
Q

CH4+O2 la 60 atm/400°

A

metanol CH3-OH

24
Q

CH4+O2 cu oxizi de azot la 400-600°

A

CH2-OH (metanal)
aldehida formica
si h20

25
Q

CH4 + NH3 +3/2O2
pt catalizator la 1000°

A

HCN +3H2O (acid cianhidric)

26
Q

substituție

A

halogenare +HX

27
Q

deshidrogenare

A

alchene (-2H2)

28
Q

piroliza metan

A

la temp >1200
2 molec de metan rezulta ETINA CH≡CH (acetilena) si 3H2

29
Q

oxidare

A

mereu CO2 si H2O plus CALDURA