Airway Diseases (Bronchi)

Question 1

Acute Bronchitis

Answer 1

• neutrophils in airway lumen and infiltrating wall

- responding to bacterial antigens

Question 2

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 2

• chronic inflammation
• squamous metaplasia
• mucus gland hypertrophy
• can be due to autoimmune
• spills out into airways
• increased airway resistance due to changes such as edema, mucus, fibrosis
• productive cough
• rhonchi
• wheezing

Question 3

Bronchiectasis

Answer 3

• Often consequence of chronic infections
• found in CF and TB
• airway is dilated
• cough with purulent sputum
• wheezing, hemoptysis
• mucociliary escalator stops working
• impaired drainage, obstruction, or immunodeficiency
• bronchodilators, corticosteroids

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

• Thickened subbasal lamina
• eosinophil inflammation (mostly in allergies)
• mucus hypersecretion
• smooth muscle hyperplasia
• steroids decrease eosinophils
• increased muscle due to greater exercise

Question 5

Acute Asthma

Answer 5

Hyperinflation

Decrease in tension and pressure generated by shortened diaphragm muscle

Breathing occurs on a flatter part of PV curve - more pressure required to get similar change in volume

Accessory muscle use - not as efficient as diaphragm

INCREASED WORK OF BREATHING