Airway

Question 1

Tidal volume

Answer 1

Amount of air moved into or out of the respiratory tract during one breath

Question 2

Alveolar volume

Answer 2

Volume of air that reaches the alveoli

Question 3

Normal adult tidal volume

Answer 3

5 to 7 ml/kg

Question 4

Normal infants/children tidal volume

Answer 4

6 to 8 ml/kg

Question 5

Dead space volume

Answer 5

Portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli

Question 6

Minute volume

Answer 6

Amount of air moved through the respiratory tract in 1 minute

Question 7

Alveolar minute volume

Answer 7

Volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute (can be affected by variations in tidal volume and/or respiratory rate)

Question 8

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

Amount of air inhaled in addition to normal tidal volume

Question 9

Functional reserve capacity

Answer 9

Amount of air forced from the lungs in one exhalation

Question 10

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 10

Amount of air exhaled following normal exhalation

Question 11

Residual volume

Answer 11

Air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Question 12

Vital capacity

Answer 12

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a full inhalation

Question 13

Total lung capacity

Answer 13

Vital capacity plus residual volume

Question 14

Stretch receptors

Answer 14

Sends signal to the apneustic center as chest expands. Inhibits respiration, prevents over inflation of lungs. (Herring-Breuer reflex)

Question 15

Ventilation

Answer 15

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs

Question 16

Oxygenation

Answer 16

The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

Question 17

Respiration

Answer 17

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues of the body

Question 18

What is a v/Q mismatch

Answer 18

Failure to match ventilation and perfusion

Question 19

Hypercapnia

Answer 19

A decrease in the minute volume decreases carbon dioxide elimination, resulting in a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 20

Hypocapnia

Answer 20

An increase in the minute volume increases carbon dioxide elimination, which lowers the carbon dioxide content of the blood.

Question 21

Hypoxia

Answer 21

Condition in which the tissues and cells do not receive enough oxygen

Question 22

Normal respiratory range for adult

Child (1 to 18 years) and infant (1 month to 1 year)

Answer 22

Adult- 12-20 per min
Child 12-37 per min
Infant 30-53 per min

Question 23

Hypoxemia

Answer 23

Low levels of oxygen in arterial blood

Question 24

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 24

A drop in the systolic blood pressure of 10 mm hg or more

Question 25

Cheyne-stokes breathing

Answer 25

Gradually increasing rate and depth of respiration’s followed by a gradual decrease of respiration’s with intermittent periods of apnea, associated with brain stem injury

Question 26

Kussmaul respiration’s

Answer 26

Deep rapid respiration’s seen in people with DKA

Question 27

Biot (ataxic respiration’s)

Answer 27

Irregular pattern, rate and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea. Results from increased ICP

Question 28

Apneustic respiration’s

Answer 28

Prolonged, gasping inhalation followed by extremely short, ineffective exhalation associated with brain stem injury

Question 29

What is the peak expiratory flow of a healthy adult?

Answer 29

350 to 750 ml

Question 30

Normal paco2 (carbon dioxide) levels range on capnography is?

Answer 30

35-45 mm hg

Question 31

What does Lemon stand for?

Answer 31

``` Look externally Evaluate 3-3-2 Mallampati classification Obstruction Neck mobility ```

Question 32

ET tube sizes for men and women

Answer 32

Men- 7.5 to 8.5 | Women- 7.0 to 7.5