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Jeppesen - Air Traffic Control > Airports and Ground Aids > Flashcards

Airports and Ground Aids Flashcards

1
Q

What lighting must an aerodrome have in order for PVT, AWK and CHTR aircraft to operate from the aerodrome?

A
  • Runway edge lighting,
  • Threshold lighting,
  • An illuminated wind direction indicator, and
  • Illuminated obstacle lighting.
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2
Q

What lighting must an aerodrome have in order for RPT aircraft to operate from the aerodrome?

A
  • Runway edge lighting
  • Threshold lighting
  • Illuminated wind direction indicator
  • Illuminated obstacle lighting
  • Taxiway lighting
  • Illuminated apron
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3
Q

When PAL is not being used during what periods of time must a pilot organise aerodrome lighting to be operating?

A

Take-off: - 10 min before to 30 min after

Landing: - 30 min before to time of landing and taxiing complete

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4
Q

What width of runway is required for the B1900D?

A

23m

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5
Q

How do you work out the minimum runway width required?

A

By using the table in Jepp ATC AU-301, the TOFL calculated for the aircraft at sea level, ISA and MTOW, and the aircraft’s wingspan and wheel base.

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6
Q

What is the aircraft’s wingspan?

A

17.66m

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7
Q

What is the a rough TODR for the B1900D at MTOW, Sea level, ISA, Zero flap?
And with flaps 17?

A

1400m

Less than 1200m

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8
Q

If there is an emergency and the nearest aerodrome does not have all of the appropriate lighting requirements, can the aircraft still proceed to land?

A

Yes, as long as the safety of the aircraft and the people on board is not jeopardized.

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9
Q

When must an a pilot plan for an alternate aerodrome?

A
  • Aids, for RPT either one aid with approach on the ground and two sets of instruments capable of using aid; or two separate aids with approach on ground with instruments capable of using aid in aircraft.
  • Clouds more than SCT below alternate minima
  • Winds, crosswind greater than aircraft max (22kts) including wind gusts
  • Visibility less than alternate minima, or more than alt but with percentage of fog, mist or anything else that might reduce vis below minima
  • Provisional or no forecast available
  • Lighting at aerodrome, an alternate needs to be planned unless the lighting is electric with standby power or any other option with a responsible person in attendance.
  • Storms; when thunderstorms or their severe turbulence or their probability are forecast.
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10
Q

How much holding fuel is required for an INTER?

A

30 min

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11
Q

How much holding fuel is required for a TEMPO?

A

60 min

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12
Q

How long are INTER’s and TEMPO’s valid for?

A

They are valid for the period stated in the TAF after the words “INTER” and “TEMPO”.

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13
Q

If your ETA falls within 10 minutes after the forecast ending time of an INTER, do you have to carry the 30 minutes of holding fuel?

A

No, only 20 minutes of holding fuel are required to cover the period of 30 minutes after the ending time of the INTER. A pilot should also plan to carry INTER or TEMPO fuel if they arrive within 30 minutes before the forecast start time of the INTER or TEMPO.

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14
Q

If there is an INTER forecast for the times 1720/1803 and a TEMPO for 1722/1805, what holding fuel is required if your ETA is 1802?

A

60 minutes as only the most restricting value (TEMPO) needs to be catered for.

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15
Q

When must an alternate be planned for if deteriorating weather is forecast with FM or BECMG?

A

30 minutes before the start of the FM or BECMG till 30 minutes after the FM or BECMG in deteriorating weather.

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16
Q

Does the 30 minutes buffers count for TTF as well?

A

No, because TTF are published more regularly and are more accurate predictions of the forecast weather.

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17
Q

If a TTF is not available, what weather forecast shall a pilot use for flight planning purposes?

A

The pilot should use a TAF.

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18
Q

What are the alternate minima for an IFR aircraft?

A

If an aerodrome has a published instrument approach, the alternate minima is as stated on the chart.
If there is no published instrument approach chart the minima is the enroute LSALT plus 500 for the cloud base and a visibility of 8km.

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19
Q

What is the alternate minima for a VFR aircraft?

A

A cloud base of 1500ft and 8km visibility.

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20
Q

What are the approach aid/aircraft instrumentation requirements not to have to plan for an alternate for RPT and CHTR?

A
  • One aid with approach on the ground with two sets of instruments in aircraft capable of using aid or
  • Two separate aids with approach on ground and instruments in aircraft capable of using aids. (e.g.: 1 VOR on ground and 2 VOR in aircraft or, 1 VOR and 1 NDB on ground and 1 VOR and 1 ADF in aircraft.)
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21
Q

What are the approach aid/aircraft instrumentation requirements not to have to plan for an alternate for AWK and PVT?

A

One aid on the ground with instrument in aircraft.

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22
Q

If there is no aid and approach for an aerodrome, what weather requirements must one meet in order to not plan for an alternate?

A

Cloud base of 500ft above enroute LSALT and

Vis of 8km

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23
Q

Need you provide for an alternate if the aerodrome of intended landing has PAL and STBY power?

A

Yes, unless there is a responsible person in attendance during time of landing who can turn on the lights or layout portable lights when a failure occurs.

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24
Q

Your ETA falls within 10 minutes before the start of first light and the aerodrome has no responsible person, do you have to plan for an alternate?

A

One can either plan for an alternate or carry holding fuel till the start of first light plus 10min extra holding fuel.

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25
Q

For an RPT aircraft, what are the lighting requirements for the alternate aerodrome?

A

The alternate aerodrome must have lighting other than PAL (E.g.: portable of electric) or PAL with a responsible person.

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26
Q

If in IMC and night and you are approaching a controlled aerodrome which just had a partial runway light lighting failure, what are the requirements to continue to land?

A

The visibility as published on the approach chart being used and multiplied by 1.5 must be met.

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27
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a steady green light shining at you from the tower while taxiing, what does this indicate to you?

A

Cleared for take-off if no collision risk exists.

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28
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a flashing red light shining at you from the tower while in the air, what does this indicate to you?

A

Aerodrome unsafe - do not land.

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29
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a steady red light shining at you from the tower while in the air, what does this indicate to you?

A

Give way to other aircraft and continue circling.

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30
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a steady green light shining at you from the tower while in the air, what does this indicate to you?

A

Cleared to land if no collision risk exists.

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31
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a flashing white light shining at you from the tower while in the air, what does this indicate to you?

A

No significance.

32
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a flashing white light shining at you from the tower while taxiing, what does this indicate to you?

A

Return to starting point on the aerodrome.

33
Q

If you have had a radio failure and see a flashing red light shining at you from the tower while taxiing, what does this indicate to you?

A

Taxi clear of landing area in use.

34
Q

How do you acknowledge a clearance received by light signals from the tower in flight and during the day? And at night?

A
  • By rocking the aircraft wings. (Not on base or finals)

- By turning on and off the ldg lights twice (or nav lights)

35
Q

How do you acknowledge a clearance received by light signals from the tower on the ground and during the day? And at night?

A
  • By moving ailerons and rudder

- By turning on and off the ldg lights twice (or nav lights)

36
Q

If you happen to be on a runway or manoeuvring area on foot and you notice the rwy lights flashing on and off, what does this indicate to you?

A

Vacate the runway or taxiway and observe the tower for any light signals.

37
Q

If you are flying overhead an aerodrome and notice a white horizontal dumb-bell signal on the ground near the windsock, what does this indicate to you?

A

Use only hard surface movement area.

38
Q

What does a white cross on a rwy, taxiway or next to the windsock indicate?

A

That particular rwy, taxiway or the whole aerodrome respectively is closed for operation.

39
Q

What does a double white cross adjacent to the windsock indicate to you?

A

Gliding operations in progress.

40
Q

What do white gable markers or yellow cone markers indicate?

A

White gable markers surround the runway strip. Yellow Runway markers are used to indicate the boundaries on runways or taxiways.

41
Q

At what spacing are runway markers laid out at along the side of the runway?

A

60m

42
Q

What do red and white cone markers indicate?

A

Unserviceable areas.

43
Q

What do the white piano key threshold markers indicate?

A

The threshold of the runway. In other words the start of the landing distance available.

44
Q

If you see a series of white inverted “V” markings on the runway at some distance from the start of the paved area, what does this indicate?

A

A temporarily displaced threshold. The LDA commences after the threshold.

45
Q

How long are the rwy centreline markings? How far apart are they?

A

On a runway that is at least 18m wide the centreline markings are 30m long with a gap of 30m.

46
Q

How far from the threshold are the aiming point markings?

A

300m

47
Q

How far from the threshold are the touchdown zone markings?

A

150m and 450m

48
Q

What does a single solid yellow and a single dashed yellow line next to each other indicate?

A

Holding position before entering a runway.

49
Q

What does a single dashed yellow line indicate?

A

Holding position before crossing another taxiway.

50
Q

What do red solid lines on the apron indicate?

A

Equipment limit lines.

51
Q

What does a yellow “B” on a black sign indicate?

A

The aircraft is currently on taxiway “Bravo”

52
Q

What do black letters on yellow signs indicate?

A

They indicate the taxiway coming ahead.

53
Q

What do white letters on a red sign indicate?

A

They indicate the runway or taxiway ahead. A clearance is required prior to passing this sign onto the runway or taxiway.

54
Q

What colour are runway threshold lights?

A

Green

55
Q

What do two white flashing strobe lights, one on either side of the runway indicate?

A

The threshold of the runway. Sometimes they indicate a temporarily displaced threshold.

56
Q

How are temporarily displaced thresholds indicated at night?

A

Groups of five green lights either side of the runway. (May be three lights if rwy is 30m or less wide)

57
Q

How far apart are the runway edge lights at instrument runways? And non-instrument or country runways?
At runways less than 30m wide?

A

60m.
90m.
30m.

58
Q

What do yellow runway edge lights indicate?

A

They indicate the last 600m of the runway.

59
Q

What do alternate red and white runway centreline lights indicate?

A

The end of the runway is less than 900m away.

60
Q

What do red runway centreline lights indicate?

A

The end of the runway is less than 300m away.

61
Q

What are runway guard lights?

A

Runway guard lights are alternating flashing yellow lights either side of a taxiway, indicating a holding position for a runway.

62
Q

What colour are taxiway edge lights?

A

Blue

63
Q

What colour is taxiway centreline lighting?

A

Green

64
Q

What colour are runway exit lights?

A

Alternating yellow and green to the taxi-holding position.

65
Q

What colour is the aerodrome beacon?

A

Either all white flashing or alternate green and white flashing.

66
Q

How is PAL activated?

A

By selecting the appropriate VHF frequency
Pressing the transmit button three times between 1 and 5 second with a break in between each transmission. (3 on, 1 off, 3 on, 1 off, 3 on)

67
Q

How long will the PAL be activated for?

A

30 or 60 minutes depending on installation.

68
Q

What does a flashing wind direction indicator mean when PAL is activated?

A

10 minutes remaining on the PAL.

69
Q

How is AFRU+PAL activated?

A

1 on, 1 off, 1 on, 1 off, 1 on (5 seconds max for whole sequence)

70
Q

What slope does a T-VASIS and PAPI’s use?

A

1.9 degrees

71
Q

What clearance above the approach slope do T-VASIS and PAPI’s provide?

A

At least 11m.

72
Q

What height above the threshold will and aircraft be if following the T-VASIS or PAPI’s?

A

50ft

73
Q

What is an AT-VASIS?

A

Abbreviated T-VASIS. Only located on one side of the rwy.

74
Q

What do one white and three red lights on a PAPI indicate?

A

The aircraft is slightly too low on the approach. Fly up to regain correct approach path.

75
Q

What colour is the primary wind direction indicator?

A

White. Located near the terminal. Secondary windsocks are yellow and may be spread around the airfield.

Jeppesen - Air Traffic Control (11 decks)

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