Airport Operations Flashcards
Categories of airports
Commercial service
Cargo service
Reliever airports
General aviation airport
Types of airports
Civil
Military/Federal
Private
Towered
Non Towered
Nontowered airport communication
Not required
Transmit intentions on CTAF (common traffic advisory frequency)
=> UNICOM, MULTICOM, FSS or tower frequency
Enter nontowered airport
At pattern altitude, announce intensions
Join downwind pattern midfield at 45 degrees
If upwind join at higher altitude, 1500-2000 AGL
Possible to join crosswind midfield
NOTAMs
Taxi way, runway closures, construction, communications, nav aids,…
Displaced vs relocated runway threshold
Displaced, available for takeoff, not landing
Relocated, offline area only for taxi
Runway safety area
Surface surrounding Runway
Graded, mowed, for emergency operations
LAHSO
Land and hold short of intersecting runway
Accept or decline
If comply, know landing distance, reason, signs/markings, not for students, not at night, not on wet runway
Airport signs
Mandatory instruction signs
Location signs
Direction signs
Destination signs
Information signs
Runway distance remaining
Airport beacon
Flashing white green, civilian
Flashing white yellow, water
Flashing white yellow green, heliport
2 quick flashing white green, military
VASI
Visual approach slope indicator
2 bar and 3 bar, white and red
Or 4 dots next to each other = PAPI, precision approach path indicator
Or tri color system
Or pulsation VASI
Runway lighting
REIL Runway end identifier lights
Runway edge lights
In runway lighting
In runway lighting
Runway centerline lighting, white, last 2000ft red/white, last 1000ft red
Touchdone zone lights
Taxi way centerline lead-on and lead-off
LAHSO lights
Taxi way lights
Omnidirectional
Clearance bar lights
Runway guard lights
Stop bar lights
Runway status lights
RWSL, red
REL runway entrance lights
THL takeoff hold lights
Wind direction indicators
Wind cone
Wind sick
Tetrahedron
Wind tee
Traffic patterns
Landing strip indicators with traffic pattern indicator
Typically enter at midpoint of downwind, 45 degrees, 1000ft
Radio equipment
VHF, line of sight, 118.0 - 136.975 MHz
720 or 760 channels in 0.025 spacing
Seven European countries use 8.33kHz channels
ATC Primary radar
Range, direction, elevation
Degrades over distance, updates 4.7s
ATCRBS
Secondary surveillance radar
Interrogator, transponder, radarscope
ADS-B same info but more accurate, faster, plus speed, direction
ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
Satellite based, more accurate, faster updates
Increase safety, traffic
Includes Traffic Information Services Broadcast
TIS-B
Flight Information Services Broadcast FIS-B
978MHz = Universal Access Transceiver
1090MHz = associated with Mode A, C, S transponder, extended squitter message
Radar Traffic Advisories
For instrument flight plan and VFR
Safety alerts, traffic advisory, limited vector ING
Terminal radar services area TRSA
Wake turbulence vortex strength
Function of weight, speed, wings, wake decay
Changes with configuration, flaps
Strongest when heavy, clean, and slow, in terminal area
En route, strong due to low density, speed
Remain wingspan apart, sink at several 100ft/min
Vortex Avoidance
Same runway: Stay at or above large plane approach path, land beyond touch point
Parallel, less than 2500ft, same
Cross above flight path on crossing runway
Land (Take off) prior to departing planes rotating point
En route avoid below behind large aircraft
Collision Avoidance
Before takeoff, climbs, descents, straight and level, traffic patterns, at VOR, training
Pilot Deviations
Violating Federal Aviation Regulation, clearance
Only to avoid collision, respond to traffic alert
Ground Deviations during taxi, take off, landing
Runway incursion Avoidance
Read back instructions
Review airport layout, signs
Review NOTAMs
Progressive taxi instructions
Check traffic, turn on lights
Clear active runway quickly
ATC Line up and wait
Enter runway, no takeoff clearance
Issued while other plane is landing??
EMAS
Engineering materials arrest systems, from crushable concrete
Runway safety area RSA
