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ATP > airplane parts > Flashcards

airplane parts Flashcards

1
Q

primary flight controls

A

ailerons
control roll

rudder
control yaw
often on vertical stabilizer

elevator
control pitch

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2
Q

frise type aileron

A

leading edge protrudes below the wing when deflecting upward to counteract adverse yaw

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3
Q

differential aileron

A

up aileron goes up more than the down aileron goes down

degrees are in type certificate data sheet

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4
Q

stabilator

A

when horizontal stabilizer and elevator are combined into one big moving piece

have balance weight and anti-servo tab to help with over controlling

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5
Q

secondary flight controls

A

trim tabs
sometimes called poor man’s autopilot

flaps

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6
Q

types of flaps

A

plain
just goes up and down

split
drops down

slotted
surface separate from wing creating space for air to flow through

fowler
extends back from wing as goes down

slotted fowler

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7
Q

oleo strut

A

uses air and oil for compression

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8
Q

when should struts be serviced?

A

if less than 3.25” visible

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9
Q

fuel used

A

av gas
100LL (low lead) (blue)
100 (green)
80 (red)

jet (colorless or straw)

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10
Q

red avgas is

A

80 MON

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11
Q

green avgas is

A

100 MON

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12
Q

blue avgas is

A

100LL

low lead

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13
Q

colorless or straw avgas is

A

! not avgas !

it’s jet fuel

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14
Q

brake pad thickness

A

new ≈0.25”

allowed to go to 0.1”

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15
Q

engine 4 stroke cycle

A

intake phase
cylinder receives fuel

compression phase
piston compresses fuel/air mixture

combustion phase
spark plug ignites the mixture

exhaust phase
exhaust fumes

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16
Q

bendix

A

thing that goes in when turn key to engage with flywheel which is connected to crankshaft and propeller. 4 stroke cycle begins.

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17
Q

magnetos

A

spin to provide electricity to spark plugs.

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18
Q

length of propeller on cessna and archer

A

76” metal alloy

fixed pitch at factory. saves money but less efficient at certain phases of flight.

cessna. lower pitch. less drag. “climb propeller”

archer. higher pitch. lower RPM. good for cruise. decreased climb. “cruise propeller”

seminole has adjustable pitch known as “constant speed propeller”

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19
Q

alternator

A

converts mechanical energy to mechanical energy

as rotates, small current passes through magnetic field and larger electric current is generated. this is AC that is then converted to DC by rectifiers. charge then goes to 2 electric busses.

connected to flywheel by alternator belt. flywheel is directly connected to propeller.

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20
Q

voltage regulator

A

keeps power in safe operational parameters. if too much over voltage relay is opened between regulator and bus.

? is this connected to fuses ?

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21
Q

ammeter or loadmeter

A

monitors electrical output.

ammeter measures amperes and in what direction power is flowing. positive means battery is being charged.
- if negative, alternator is not working

loadmeter
in alt amps. only shows alternator output. 0 means alternator no work.

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22
Q

how long will the battery last?

A

30-60 minutes

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23
Q

avionics

A

ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast)
for ATC to see us on radar
broadcast once per second
- position
- speed
- identification
- more
* ADS-B out
- GPS position, speed, identification, more
*ADS-B in
- more precise tracking of aircraft for ATC
- better than radar. in high terrain areas

FIS-B (flight information system - broadcast)
works alongside ADS-B
needs ADS-B in and out to receive
line of sight only and be in range
- AIRMETs
- SIGMETs
- convective SIGMETs
- METARs
- CONUS NEXRAD
- regional NEXRAD
- NOTAMs
- PIREPs
- special use airspace (SUA) status
- TAFs
- winds & temperatures aloft
- TIS-B service status
* not a substitute for flight planning

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24
Q

ELT

A

emergency locator transmitter
121.5

can be manually activated

to be a good dude, monitor on backup radio. if hear signal report where heard and my altitude to ATC

can be tested in first 5 minutes of every hour only

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25
Q

transponder

A

both transmitter and responder

when on IFR flight plan or VFR flight following, ATC will have pilot squawk 4 digit transponder code

when requested to ident, press button.

codes to know
7500 = highjacking
7600 = lost comms
7700 = general emergency

26
Q

standby attitude indicator

A

can be powered by small battery (needs to be checked before each flight) - archer’s have

or by vacuum.
engine driven pump will suck air through air inlet filter and directly through inlet ports in instruments to spin gyroscope like windmill

27
Q

suction (or vacuum) gauge

A

tells if vacuum system is creating enough suction to spin gyroscopes

28
Q

instruments that use gyroscopes

A

attitude indicator
uses principal of rigidity in space
oriented horizontally

heading indicator
uses principal of rigidity in space
oriented vertically
gyroscope is liked mechanically to card on indicator

turn coordinator
uses principal of procession
canted (arranged diagonally)

29
Q

attitude indicator

A

uses principal of rigidity in space
oriented horizontally

30
Q

heading indicator

A

uses principal of rigidity in space
oriented vertically
gyroscope is liked mechanically to card on indicator

needs to be periodically aligned with magnetic compass

31
Q

magnetomer

A

in a wing. sends information to heading indicator to automatically keep accurate

32
Q

turn coordinator

A

uses principal of procession
canted (arranged diagonally)

when airplane yaws, force is applied causing pointer to deflect L or R

2 parts.
pointer (as mentioned above) indicates rate of turn

inclometer - tells if turn is coordinated. looks like a level. is a ball in curved tube of glass filled with fluid. gravity will pull ball down and inertia will pull ball to the outside. both together will keep ball center. “step on the ball”

33
Q

pitot static instruments

A

use pitot tube and static port
- can be in two different spots or in 1 thing called pitot mast (archer has)

airspeed indicator
only instrument to use pitot tube

altimeter

vertical speed indicator

34
Q

pitot tube

A

measures ram air. this air is fed to a diaphragm.

35
Q

static port

A

located where can intake relatively undisturbed air

measure pressure of still, undisturbed air

36
Q

airspeed indicator

A

only instrument to use pitot tube

static port sends air to chamber aRound the diaphragm that the pitot rube sends air to.
-this is to account for air pressure at different altitudes

37
Q

altimeter

A

works based on pressure differences.

has a wafer in a chamber. no air goes in wafer. air static port goes in chamber around wafer. less pressure and wafer expands and needle goes up.

altimeter has to be calibrated based on weather. using kollsman window as guide, adjust that number with adjustment knob to change where hands indicated on the dial.

38
Q

kollsman window

A

window on altimeter with numbers for current air pressure from weather. using adjustment knob to set the number will change where altimeter hands indicate altitude.

39
Q

vertical speed indicator

A

work like altimeter. though differential pressure through calibrated leak.

calibrated leak is hole in casing letting air out slowly.

when climb air pressure from static port drops and diaphragm compresses. when level off, air leaks out and 0 climb indicated.

lag of about 6 seconds

40
Q

AHRS

A

attitude and heading reference system
substitutes for 6 pack. calculations are made in a super computer

-attitude heading
-rate of turn
-coordination of turns (slip skid indicator or BRIC)

gets help from magnetometer for heading

41
Q

ADC

A

air data computer

uses pitot static system but no diaphragms. how calculate??

computes
- airspeed
- altitude
- vertical speed
- outside air temperature (OAT)

42
Q

AOA indicator

A

angle of attack indicator

supplemental to other indicators. placed near compass.

shows how close to critical AOA

43
Q

heater

A

ram air enters through vent and through shroud around hot exhaust pipe

44
Q

carbon monoxide indicator

A

just watch out i guess. ? does it say when to be replaced on it?

45
Q

what happens when adjust mixture

A

carbureted engine
needle is moved by cable attached to control. changes amount of fuel allowed to enter carburetor
-throttle adjust a butterfly valve that changes amount of mixture entering engine

fuel injected engine
mixture is controlled in fuel-air control unit (or fuel servo)
- mixture knob and throttle are both connected to fuel-air control unit
- mixture then goes through fuel manifold valve (AKA the spider) then to each cylinder

46
Q

attitude and heading reference system

A

consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for aircraft, including roll, pitch, and yaw. These are sometimes referred to as MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity)[1] sensors and consist of either solid-state or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers. They are designed to replace traditional mechanical gyroscopic flight instruments.

47
Q

empennage parts

A

horizontal stabilizer

vertical stabilizer

rudder

trim tabs

elevator

48
Q

main parts of the airplane

A

fuselage

powerplanmt

wings

landing gear

empannage

49
Q

parts of empennage

A

vertical stabilizer

trim tabs

horizontal stabilizer

elevator

(stabilator = H stabilizer and elevator)

rudder

50
Q

how elevator works

A

push or pull on yoke makes elevator go up and down making nose go up and down

51
Q

differential ailerons

A

difference in how much aileron goes up V how much it goes down.

*not because they move in different directions when turn yoke

52
Q

what does a combustion heater heat?

A

the cabin. take fuel and burn it in a separate chamber. that (usually a tube) is surrounded by another space. air in that space is heated by the hot tube inside and then directed into the cabin.

53
Q

what is an airfoil

A

a structure with curved surfaces designed to give the most favorable ratio of lift to drag in flight, used as the basic form of the wings, fins, and horizontal stabilizer of most aircraft

54
Q

documents needed to fly

A

ARROW, AV1ATE, ADs

airworthiness certificate
- birth certificate
- supplemental type certificate if modifications made

registration certificate
-verify expiration date

radio station license
- if crossing US border

operating handbook
- POH. pilot’s operating handbook

weight and balance

AV1ATE
documents of inspection

annual

VOR inspection
only needed when IFR operations or intend to use VOR
- inspector must hold at least a private pilot certificate
- all methods of VOR check can be found FAR 91.171

1 hundred hour
- if flown for hire
- plus 10 to get to inspection point

altimeter and static encoding
- due every 24 calendar months (meaning last day of the month)

transponder
- goes with altimeter and static encoding
- due every 24 calendar months (meaning last day of the month)

** altimeter and transponder done together to make sure that my information matches what ATC gets

ELT
- emergency locator transmitter
- functionality every 12 calendar months
- battery replaced at half way to expiration or 1 hour of cumulative use

special flight permit may exist if miss annual.
- fill out 8130-6 and give to FSDO (flight standards district office)
- deemed safe to fly with restrictions
- AKA ferry permit
- usually requested so maintenance can be done
- can also be requested to evacuate from dangerous areas or to conduct production flight tests

ADs
- airworthiness directives
- for engine, propeller, airframe
!! must be complied with (regulatory in nature)

55
Q

maximum error for dual VOR inspection

A

4°

56
Q

required equipment - VFR - day

A

ATOMATOFLAMES
and POH (KOEL)

altimeter
tachometer
oil pressure
manifold pressure
anti-collision lights
temperature sensor (liquid cooled)
oil temperature (air cooled)
fuel gauge
landing gear position
airspeed indicator
magnetic compass
ELT
seat belts

91.205 b

see MEL (minimum equipment list) for things NOT required for flight. like if something is broken.

57
Q

required equipment - VFR -night

A

FLAPS
and POH (KOEL)

fuses (spares) or circuit breakers
landing light (if for hire)
anticollision lights
position lights
source of electricity

91.205 c

see MEL (minimum equipment list) for things NOT required for flight. like if something is broken.

58
Q

ATP planes have what type of wings (in regards to lift)

A

dihedral

as apposed to anhedral

59
Q

stall strip

A

sharp bit on leading edge of wing. used to cause a small “early stall”. this small stall causes wind buffeting that, optimally, is felt a few knots before the actual stall starts to happen.

60
Q

subcomponents of the airplane

A

air frame

electrical system

flight controls

brakes

ATP (9 decks)

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