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Module 1 Basic > Air Traffic Management > Flashcards

Air Traffic Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of Air Traffic Service?

A
  • Air Traffic Control Service (ATC)
  • Alerting Service (ALRS)
  • Flight Information Service (FIS)
  • Air Traffic Advisory Service (ADVS)
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2
Q 
What are the purposes of an/a:
Air Traffic Control Service
Flight Information Service
Alerting Service
Air Traffic Advisory Service
A

Air Traffic Control Service:

  • PREVENT COLLISIONS between ACFT.
  • PREVENT COLLISIONS between ACFT on the MANOEUVRING area and obstructions on that area.
  • EXPEDITE and MAINTAIN an orderly flow of air traffic.

Flight Information Service:
- PROVIDE ADVICE and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.

Alerting Service:
- NOTIFY appropriate ORGANISATIONS regarding ACFT in need of Search and Rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required.

Air Traffic Advisory Service:
- To ensure separation, as far practicable between IFR flights in advisory airspace.

Note: Not as safe as and air traffic control service as information regarding traffic in the area may be incomplete. They may only advise, suggest courses of actions and pass information.

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3
Q

Who shall be provided with an Air Traffic Control Service? (4)

A
  1. All IFR flights in airspace classes A, B, C, D and E
  2. All VFR flights in airspace classes B, C and D
  3. All Special VFR flights
  4. All aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of service which come under Air Traffic Control Services and what does each do?

A
  • Aerodrome Control Service (TWR) - Handles all ACFT on the manoeuvring area of an AD and all ACFT flying in the vicinity.
  • Approach Control Unit (APP) - Handles arriving and departing flights.
  • Area Control Centre (ACC) - Handles controlled flights in control areas - en-route.
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5
Q

Which methods are used to provide air traffic control?

A
  • Aerodrome control - Visual control and may also be provided with the assistance of surveillance systems.
  • Procedural control - Indicates that info derived from an ATS Surveillance system is not required to provide an air traffic control service.
  • Surveillance system (RADAR) control - RADAR equipment used to determine position of an ACFT in range and azimuth.
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6
Q

In order to provide an Air Traffic Control Service, an ATC unit shall:

A
  • Be provided with info on each ACFT and the progress thereof.
  • Determine the relative positions of known ACFT to each other.
  • Issue clearances to prevent collisions between ACFT under its control.
  • Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic.
  • Coordinate clearances as necessary with other units.
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7
Q

Who is provided with a Flight Information Service?

A

All ACFT which are likely to be affected by the information and which are provided with an air traffic control service or are otherwise known to the relevant air traffic services units.

Note: FIS does not relieve pilots of any responsibilities and they have the final decision regarding any suggested alteration of flight plan.

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8
Q

What types of pertinent information does a FIS provide?

A
  • SIGMET/AIRMET information
  • Volcanic activity
  • Release of radioactive materials or toxic chemicals
  • Changes in availability of RNAV services
  • Changes in condition of ADs and associated facilities
  • Unmanned free balloons
  • Weather conditions at departure/destination/alternative ADs.
  • Collision hazards to ACFT operating in airspaces C, D, E, F and G (This type of info may be incomplete and air traffic services can not assume responsibility for its issuance at all times or for its accuracy).
  • Flights over water - info requested by pilot about surface vessels in the area.
  • Specifically for VFR - information concerning traffic and weather conditions along route which are likely to make VFR impracticable.
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9
Q

Where shall a FIS and ALRS be provided?

A
  • Within an FIR by a FIC or assigned to an ATC unit.

- Within controlled airspace and at controlled aerodromes by the relevant ATC units.

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10
Q

Define FIR

A

Flight Information Region:

Airspace of defined dimensions within which FIS and ALRS are provided.

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11
Q

What are the 4 means by which information is transmitted to ACFT?

A
  • Direct transmission to ACFT ensuring that receipt is acknowledged (Mainly by radio).
  • A general call, unacknowledged, to all ACFT concerned
  • A broadcast (ATIS)
  • Data Link (D-ATIS)
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12
Q

What is ATIS and D-ATIS?

A
  • Automatic Terminal Information Service
  • Data-link Automatic Terminal Information Service
  • Broadcast providing current, routine info to arriving and departing ACFT on a discrete VHF frequency (Published in AIP) in English.
  • Provided to reduce communication load.
  • Pilots SHALL acknowledge receipt of the ATIS to ATC.
  • ATC SHALL provide the pilot with the current altimeter setting even if pilot has acknowledged receipt of ATIS.
  • ATC shall update pilot if they acknowledge an ATIS that is no longer current.
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13
Q

What is VOLMET?

A
  • Volume Meteorological
  • A worldwide network of radio stations using automated voice transmissions to broadcast weather reports.
  • Contains oceanic/remote area forecast (TAF), aviation weather report (METAR) and SIGnificant METeorological warnings (SIGMET).
  • Pilots use transmissions to avoid storms and turbulence and determine procedures for descent, approach and landing.
  • VOLMET network divides world into specific regions - 1 station in each region broadcasts reports for a fixed list of cities every hour.
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14
Q

Who SHALL be provided with an alerting service? (3)

A
  • Any ACFT receiving an air traffic control service.
  • As far as possible to all ACFT who have filed a flight plan or are otherwise known to air traffic services
  • Any ACFT known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference.
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15
Q

What is meant by the phrase “Operations Normal”?

A

20-40 minutes from the time of last contact, unless otherwise prescribed, ACFT shall report OPERATIONS NORMAL to indicate that the flight is progressing according to plan

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16
Q

What are the 3 emergency phases?

A

INCERFA: Uncertainty phase

Unless no doubt exists regarding the safety of the ACFT, shall be declared if:

  • No communication is received within 30 MINS of when communication should have been received.
  • ACFT fails to arrive within 30 MINS of notified ETA or the ETA ESTIMATED by the ATS unit, whichever is later.

ALERFA: Alerting phase

Shall be declared if:

  • Following INCERFA, attempts to ESTABLISH COMMUNICATION with the ACFT or INQUIRIES TO OTHER SOURCES have FAILED TO REVEAL ANY NEWS of the ACFT or:
  • An ACFT as been CLEARED TO LAND AND FAILS TO LAND WITHIN 5 MINUTES of the estimated time of landing and communication no longer exists or:
  • An ACFTs operating efficiency is impaired, however a forced landing is not expected or:
  • An ACFT is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference.

DISTRESFA: Distress phase

Shall be declared if:

  • Following ALERFA, attempts to communicate with the ACFT and more widespread inquiries point to the probability that the ACFT is in DISTRESS or:
  • FUEL on board is considered to be EXHAUSTED OR INSUFFICIENT to enable ACFT to reach safety or:
  • Information is received that an ACFTs operating efficiency is impaired and a FORCED LANDING IS LIKELY or:
  • Information is received or its is reasonably certain that the ACFT is ABOUT MAKE MAKE OR HAS MADE A FORCED LANDING.
17
Q

Why do we need standard phraseology?

A

It is essential that ATC communication is precise and unambiguous. Many accidents have occurred due to poor RT discipline by controllers and pilots.

18
Q

What is flight visibility?

A

The visibility forward from the cockpit of an ACFT in flight.

19
Q

What is ground visibility?

A

The visibility at an AD as measured by an accredited observer or automatic equipment.

20
Q

What is RVR?

A

RWY Visual Range - The range over which the pilot of an ACFT on the centre line of a RWY can see the RWY surface markings or the lights delineating the RWY or identifying its centre line.

21
Q

Which units shall be used for the transmission go flight visibility/ground visibility/RVR?

A
  • Metres (m) if visibility <5km
  • Kilometres (km) if 5≤visibility<10km
  • 10km if visibility is 10km or more
22
Q 
How are the following aeronautical stations abbreviated?
Area Control Centre
Radar
Approach Control
Approach Control Radar Arrivals
Approach Control Radar Departures
Aerodrome Control
Surface Movement Control
Clearance Delivery
Precision Approach Radar
Direction Finding Station
Flight Information Service
Apron Control
Company Dispatch
Aeronautical Station
A

Location name followed by:

Area Control Centre: CONTROL
Radar: RADAR
Approach Control: APPROACH
Approach Control Radar Arrivals: ARRIVAL
Approach Control Radar Departures: DEPARTURE
Aerodrome Control: TOWER
Surface Movement Control: GROUND
Clearance Delivery: DELIVERY
Precision Approach Radar: PRECISION
Direction Finding Station: HOMER
Flight Information Service: INFORMATION
Apron Control: APRON
Company Dispatch: DISPATCH
Aeronautical Station: RADIO
23
Q

Why might an ACFT be asked to change callsign and what procedures should be followed?

A

When 2 or more ACFT have similar callsigns which may result in confusion.

  • Any change should be temporary and applicable only to the airspace where the confusion is likely to occur
  • Identify ACFT whose callsign is to be changed by referring to its position and/or level.
  • ATCO shall ensure callsign is reverted back to original callsign when transferred to another unit unless the change has been coordinated.
  • Appropriate ATC unit shall advise ACFT when it is to revert back to original callsign.
24
Q

What are the 7 categories of RT message in order of priority?

A
  1. Distress messages
  2. Urgency messages
  3. Messages related to direction finding
  4. Flight safety messages
  5. Meteorological messages
  6. Flight regularity messages
  7. State telegrams
25
Q

Define ATC clearance

A

An authorisation for an ACFT to proceed under specified conditions by an ATC unit.

26
Q

What are the contents of an ATC clearance?

A
  • ACFT identification as shown on the flight plan
  • Clearance limit
  • Route of flight
  • Level/Change of level (if required)

Any other necessary information such as:

  • SSR
  • Approach/departure manoeuvres
  • Communications
  • Time of clearance expiry

Module 1 Basic (12 decks)

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