air pollutant bingo lab Flashcards
to study for ch17-19 test (dec 4)
1
Q
chlorofluorocarbons
A
- CFCs
- used in cleaning products, refrigerants, propellants (hair spray, paint)
- depletes stratospheric ozone
- solutions: Montreal Protocol, reduce use of items with cfcs
2
Q
carbon dioxide
A
- CO2
- emitted from car/truck exhaust, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, coal-burning powerplants
- increases greenhouse effect, produces smog
- solutions: decrease auto & powerplant emissions, use non-emitting power sources
3
Q
greenhouse gases
A
- CO2, CH4, H2O, O3, CFCs, N2O
- emitted through combustion (burning) of fossil fuels
- traps heat in atmosphere, leads to climate change/global warming
- solutions: Kyoto Treaty, Paris Accords, decrease fossil fuel use
4
Q
sulphuric acid
A
- H2SO2
- used in fertiliser production
- increases acidity of rivers/streams, corrosive
- solutions: stronger water quality standards & enforcement
5
Q
coal
A
- composed mostly of carbon
- mined (mountain-top), burned in powerplants
- increase CO2 production, sulphur is released during the mining process
- solutions: decrease dependence on coal, stronger mining regulations, invest in renewable energies
6
Q
mercury
A
- Hg
- emitted by combustion of fossil fuels
- contaminates the food chain (bioaccumulates & biomagnifies)
- solutions: reduce fossil fuel use, invest in renewable energies
7
Q
mercurous nitrates
A
- HgNOx
- used in the garment industry, used to make detonators for war
- may cause respiratory & gastrointestinal disorders in humans
- solutions: stronger regulations (ban them everywhere)
8
Q
nitrous oxide
A
- N2O
- used in fertiliser for agricultural fields & livestock manure, used in aerosols
- traps heat in atmosphere (ghg), leads to climate change/global warming
- solutions: sustainable agricultural practices, lower amount of livestock
9
Q
nitrogen dioxide
A
- NO2
- emitted by combustion of fossil fuels, cars, and burning coal
- acts as a respiratory irritant, aggravates asthma, creates acid rain & smog
- solutions: stronger regulations on air quality standards
10
Q
nitrogen oxides
A
- NOx
- emitted from burning fossil fuels & cigarettes
- forms smog and acid rain, acts as respiratory irritant
- solutions: stronger regulations
11
Q
ozone (troposphere)
A
- O3
- created from chemical reactions between NOx and VOCs in the presence of sunlight
- acts as a respiratory irritant, aggravates asthma, harmful to vegetation
- solutions: uphold & strengthen ozone standards in the Clean Air Act
12
Q
photochemical smog
A
- O3, PAN
- secondary pollutants formed in the presence of sunlight -> form photochemical smog
- solutions: uphold & strengthen ozone standards in the Clean Air Act
13
Q
lead
A
- Pb
- emitted from leaded fuel & metal refineries
- causes brain & kidney damage, contaminates crops
- solutions: ban leaded gas, decrease usage
14
Q
radon-222
A
- Rn-222
- emitted by natural decay of uranium in underground granite
- causes cancer
- solutions: test areas for radon, seal buildings to prevent leakage
15
Q
sulphur dioxide
A
- SO2
- emitted from coal-burning powerplants, refineries, and volcanic eruptions
- causes lung damage, forms acid rain, causes eye irritation
- solution: decrease coal usage, recycle metals (less use for refineries)
16
Q
methane
A
- CH4
- emitted by fracking, increasing global appetite for beef, landfill decomposition
- traps heat in atmosphere (ghg), leads to climate change/global warming
- solutions: regulations (bans) on fracking, decreased beef consumption, lanffill vent & capture systems
17
Q
uranium
A
- U
- emitted by fuel in nuclear powerplants
- acts as radioactive waste (for which there is no permanent storage plan), creates H2O vapour (which is a ghg)
- solutions: create permanent waste storage facilities, decrease usage of nuclear power
18
Q
primary pollutants for O3 depletion (stratosphere)
A
- SO2, CO, Pb, CFCs (!)
- depletion of O3 leads to increased levels of sunburn & skin cancer
- solutions: decrease auto emissions and leaded cas, Montreal Protocol
19
Q
sulphur trioxide
A
- SO3
- emitted by the production of H2SO4 and explosives
- affects respiratory tract, potential carcinogen
- solutions: regulations and air quality standards (NAAQs)
20
Q
addressed by Clean Air Act
A
- SO2, NOx, CO, O3, Pb, PM (particulate matter)
- solutions: CAA set standards for ambient air quality & limits for pollutants (NAAQs)
21
Q
required for photochemical smog formation
A
- UV, VOCs, NO2
- VOCs and NO2 are emitted from automobile exhaust
- UV rays (sunlight) react with VOCs and NO2 to create photochemical smog
- irritates lungs and eyes
- solutions: reduce auto emissions
22
Q
catalytic converter
A
used to reduce emissions in cars
23
Q
decreased plankton
A
results from stratospheric O3 depletion & ocean acidification
24
Q
depleted soil fertility
A
results from acid deposition
25
Q
electrostatic precipitators
A
removes industrial particulate matter through use of charged particles
26
Q
industry
A
primary producer of grey smog
(e.g. Beijing, China)
27
Q
wet scrubber
A
used to remove Cl, NOx, SOx, and PM
28
Q
smoke
A
combines with fog to produce smog
29
Q
pipes
A
source of Pb in order homes (water pipes/plumbing)
(e.g. Flint, Michigan)
