Air Conditioning and Ventilation Flashcards
1
Q
Each of the 2 AC Controller is divided up into…
A
2 Lanes
2
Q
What happens to the PACKs during TO and Landing?
A
The inlets and outlet close to prevent FOD
3
Q
How is PACK air temp regulated
A
Throttling the Bypass Valve warms the air with hot air bypassed from the primary HE
4
Q
What does the valve icon on the BLEED status page represent?
A
The bottom valve is the Pack Flow Control Valve position. The upper valve is the Bypass Valve position
5
Q
What regulates the different zone temperatures?
A
The addition of bleed air warms compartments that are required to be warmer than the coldest set compartment.
6
Q
What is the purpose of the recir fans?
A
By recirculating the air, bleed air demand is reduced leading to fuel savings
7
Q
Why would the mixing unit line at the top of the BLEED page be amber?
A
Pack flow control valves and ram air inlet are closed
8
Q
Why would you receive a FAULT Pack fault light?
A
Pack flow control valve disagrees with commanded position Pack compressor overheat Pack outlet temperature overheat (note: valve closes auto during an overheat condition)
9
Q
What are the extreme and middle temperature settings on the control knob
A
COLD = 64F 12 o’clock=76F HOT=86F
10
Q
Does the FAULT on the HOT AIR pb indicate?
A
Duct overheat
11
Q
What if you see PACK faults during pre-flight?
A
This is normal, indicating that there is not enough bleed air pressure for the packs until the APU or Engine Bleed is opened.
12
Q
Your aircraft has less than 115 people, what Pack Flow setting should you set?
A
LO, to conserve fuel
13
Q
You select the RAM AIR to open but it does not react as commanded, why?
A
The valve will only open is Delta Press is less than 1.0 psi. Basically, you need to descend.
14
Q
When should you select ECON FLOW ON on the A321?
A
When passenger count is < 140. IT reduces pack flow up to 20%
15
Q
- Temperature regulation is controlled by 2 air conditioning system controllers.- Temperature regulation is optimized via the hot air pressure regulating valve, and the trim air valves that add hot air, tapped upstream of the packs, to the mixing unit air.
A
How are the zone temperatures individually controlled?
16
Q
Pack operation is controlled by air conditioning system controller signals.
A
What controls the packs and TAVs?
17
Q
- If the crossbleed valve is closed, the valve located on the staring engine side immediately closes, when the mode selector is set to IGN or CRANK.2. If remains closed on the starting engine side (provided the crossbleed valve is closed) when:a. MASTER SW onb. Start valve is openc. N2 <50%3. On the ground, reopening of the valves is delayed for 30secs to avoid a supplementary pack closure cycle during 2nd engine start.
A
What happens to the system during engine start?
18
Q
- The FAULT light come son amber.- ECAM caution, when duct overheat is detected.- The fault circuit detects an overheat when the duct temperature reaches 80 degrees once.
A
What happens when a duct overheat occurs?
19
Q
T/O: takeoff power is set and the main landing gear struts are compressed.LDG: as soon as the main landing gear struts are compressed, as long as speed is greater or equal to 70kts. They open 20sec after speed drops below 70kts.
A
When does the Pack Ram Air Inlet Flap close?
20
Q
- In single-pack operation- When the APU is suppling bleed air- When temperature cannot be satisfied
A
What 3 conditions could cause the Pack Flow to be Higher than the selected on the overhead panel?
21
Q
18 – 30 degrees Celsius (64 – 86 degrees Fahrenheit)
A
The compartment temperature controllers can be set to what range of temps?
22
Q
No effect, as the second lane takes over.
A
What happens if an ACSC has a LANE failure?
23
Q
Related pack is lost (ACSC1 – flight deck, ACSC 2 – cabin), Hot Air Pressure Regulating Valve and associated Trim Air Valves close.
A
What happens if an ACSC has a double LANE failure?
24
Q
When the temperature drops < 70 degrees and the flight crew selects OFF.
A
When does a Pack Overheat FAULT light, (on OHP) extinguish?
25
If the DITCHING p/b, on the CABIN PRESS panel is in normal position:- Ram Air Inlet opens- If delta P is greater or equal to 1 PSI, no emergency Ram Air flow in (Closed)- If delta P is less than 1 PSI, outflow valve opens to 50% when under automatic control. It does not automatically open when it is under manual control. Emergency RAM airflow is directly supplied to the mixer unit.
What happens when the Ram Air Pushbutton is selected ON?
26
Only open if differential pressure is lower than 1 PSI.
What limitations apply to the opening of the Ram Air Valve?
27
A320 LO: if the number of occupants is below 141. A321 ECON: if the number of occupants is below 168.
The LO/ECON pack flow setting thresholds.
28
In warm ambient climates (\>50F), the blower motor takes outside air, blows it over the avionics and discharged by the extract fan and valve..Both blower and extraction valves are OPEN
What is the OPEN configuration?
29
In cold ambient climates (\<50F), the blower and extract fans operate when the valves are closed, circulating air from inside the fuse only.Both blower and extraction valves are CLOSED.Condition after TOGO power, in-flight to landing
What is the CLOSED configuration?
30
In very hot climates (\>90F), the extract valve is partially open during TO until colder ambient conditions are reached.
What is the intermediate configuration?
31
Avionics Equipment Ventilation Computer (AEVC)
What controls the Avionics ventilation system?
32
Cargo heat is disabled, we do not carry pets!!
What is unique about out cargo compartments?
33
The valve position does not agree with the commanded position.ORThe valves are in transitORSkin temp between 8-12C
Why would the inlet and extract valves be amber?
34
Blower fan low pressureDuct overheatComputer power supply failureAvionics smoke
When would a BLOWER fault illuminate?
35
Extract fan low pressureComputer power supply failsAvionics smoke
When would a EXTRACT fault illuminate?
36
The blower or extract fan stops and air conditioned air is introduced.Note: In normal conditions, the bay is cooled by the skin heat exchanger to save fuel.
What happens when you press OVRD on the BLOWER or EXTRACT pb
37
Extract valve opens in flight which can compromise pressurization.Note: In inlet duct has a non-return valve to present this if the inlet valve opens.
What is the serious in-flight failure in regards to avionics
38
MASTER CAUTSMOKE light on GEN ! LINEFAULT on both BLOWER and EXTRACTAVNCS SMOKE message
What indicates smoke int he avionics bay?
39
The open-circuit configuration operates when skin temperature is above the on-ground-threshold from +12 degrees to +9 degrees.Inlet valve – blower – avionics – extract – extract
In the “Ground” Mode at High Skin Air temperatures, which Config is in operation?
40
The closed-circuit configuration operates when skin temperature is beneath the on-ground threshold.Avionic bay – heat exchanger – cargo underfloor
In the “Ground” Mode at Low Skin Air Temperatures, how is the Circulatory Air now cooled?
41
The closed circuit configuration operates when skin temperature is beneath the in flight threshold of +35 degrees to +32 degrees.Heat exchanger – cargo
In the “Flight” Mode at Low Skin Air Temperatures which Config is in operation?
42
The intermediate configuration operates when skin temperature is above the in-flight threshold of +35 degrees to +32 degrees.Heat exchanger - cargo – extract
In the “Flight” Mode at High Skin Air Temperatures which Config is in operation?
43
Takeoff power + weight on gear
What causes the system to transit from the GROUND mode to the FLIGHT mode?
44
Smoke / fumes / avionics smoke
When might you have to put both switches (BLOWER and EXTRACT) to OVERRIDE?
45
- Pressure is low (blowing + extract) inhibits for engine shut down.- Duct overheat (blower)- Computer power supply falls- Smoke warning is activated
What causes a BLOWER or EXTRACT FAULT light to illuminate?
46
When either p/b switch is on OVRD:- The system goes to closed circuit configuration.- Air from the air conditioning system is added to ventilation air.- The blower fan stops if BLOWER p/b is on OVRD.
What happens when the BLOWER is selected to OVERRIDE?
47
When both p/b SW are on OVRD:- Airflows from the air conditioning system and then overboard- The extract fan continues to run
What happens when the BLOWER and EXTRACT are selected to override? (E.g. during AVIONICS SMOKE)
48
An emergency ram air inlet ventilates the cockpit and cabin to remove smoke or if both packs fail.
What is the purpose of the ram air?
49
This unit mixes cold fresh air from the packs with the cabin air being recirculated through recirculation fans.
What is the function of the mixer unit?
50
These valves are electrically controlled by the air conditioning system controllers. The cockpit trim air valve and the cabin trim air valves adjust the temperature by adding hot air.
What is the function of the trim air valves?
51
When the APU bleed valve is open the air conditioning system controller signals the APUs Electronic Control Box (ECB) to increase the APU flow output when any zone temperature demand cannot satisfied.
What is the function of the APU flow demand?
52
Cockpit fwd cabin and aft cabin.
For which zones is an independent temperature control possible?
53
Yes during cruise the cabin crew can modify each cabin zone temperature that is selected from the cockpit with a limited authority of +/- 2 5°C or +/-4 5°F.
Is a temperature control from the cabin possible?
54
This valve regulates the air flow in accordance with signals received from the air conditioning system controllers.
What is the function of the pack flow control valve?
55
The temperature selection range is from 18°C (64°F) to 30°C (86°F).
What is the temperature selection range?
56
With a low passenger load to reduce bleed air demand and improve fuel efficiency.
Under which condition should the pack flow controller be set to LO?
57
In single pack operation or when the APU is supplying bleed air.
Under which circumstances delivers the air conditioning system high flow?
58
With a high passenger load in hot conditions in order to help reduce the cabin temperature.
Under which condition should the pack flow controller be set to HI?
59
They automatically close.
What happens to the pack flow control valves during engine start?
60
The valve is electrically controlled and pneumatically operated.
How is the pack flow control valve controlled and operated?
61
High flow is automatically selected regardless of PACK FLOW sel position because air is only being supplied by the APU.
The PACK FLOW controller is set to NORM and the ECAM display shows PACK FLOW to be high. How is this possible?
62
The Pack flow control valve closes automatically in case of pack overheating engine starting or operation of the fire or ditching pushbutton.
In which cases closes the pack flow control valve?
63
This pneumatically operated and electrically controlled valve regulates hot air pressure which is tapped upstream of the packs.
What is the purpose of the hot-air pressure-regulating valve?
64
The emergency inlet valve is controlled by the ram air pushbutton on the air cond panel. This pushbutton opens the ram air valve provided that ditching is not selected.
How can you operate the emergency ram air inlet valve?
65
The affected pack may be operated in heat exchanger cooling mode. Warm pre-conditioned bleed air enters the cooling path via the pack valve and goes to the primary heat exchanger. The main part of the cooled air goes directly downstream of ACM turbine though the bypass valve and the rest goes though the failed ACM.
What happens if the Air Cycle Machine (ACM) fails?
66
In the cockpit for the cockpit zone in the lavatory extraction circuit and galley ventilation system for the cabin.
Where are temperature sensors located?
67
This valve closes automatically if the duct overheats the cockpit trim air valve fails or both cabin trim air valves fail.
When does the hot-air pressure-regulating valve close automatically?
68
TAKEOFF: Ram air inlet flap closes when takeoff power is set and the main landing gear struts are compressed. Ram air inlet flap re-opens after main landing gear strut extension. LANDING: Ram air inlet flap closes as soon as the main landing gear struts are compressed and speed is great than or equal 70 knots. Ram air inlet flap opens 20 seconds after speed \<70 knots
How does the Air Conditioning System Controller configure its associated pack ram air inlet flap for takeoff and landing to avoid the ingestion of foreign matter?
69
Control the hot air pressure regulating valves which controls the flow of hot air to the trim air valves. This hot air is mixed with the pack-conditioned air for zone temperature control
What is the function of the HOT AIR pushbutton?
70
Duct Overheat - the hot air and trim air valves close automatically
What does an amber "FAULT" light in the HOT AIR pushbutton indicate?
71
BASIC temperature regulation: Both packs produce the required outlet temperature determined by the lowest demanded zone temperature. OPTIMISED temperature regulation: Hot air is added to the individual zones by the trim air valves to maintain the desired zone temperatures
Describe how the Air Conditioning System Controllers regulate temperature?
72
The related pack is lost. The hot air pressure-regulating valve and associated trim air valve(s) close
What occurs when both lanes of an Air Conditioning System controller fails?
73
Upstream pressure below minimum. Pack overheat. Engine start sequence. Engine FIRE pushbutton on the related side pressed. DITCHING pushbutton selected
What causes the Pack Flow Control valve to automatically close?
74
Overheat - pack outlet. Overheat - compressor outlet. Discontinuity - switch position disagreement with pack flow control valve
What would cause an amber "FAULT" light to illuminate in the PACK 1/2 pushbutton? (OOD)
75
The pack flow control valves will close automatically
What effect will the engine starts sequence have on the pack flow control valves?
76
Select pack flow rates representing LO 80%, NORM 100%, and HI 120% of norm
The PACK FLOW selector has LO, NORM, and HI positions. What does this allow us to do?
77
Less than 115 pax, select LO. Hot/Humid conditions, select HI. During smoke/fumes removal select HI as per the procedure
When should the PACK FLOW selector not be in the normal position?
78
The affected pack will operate as a heat exchanger
If an air cycle machine (ACM) fails, what occurs?
79
Abnormal operation and SMOKE configuration
When is air conditioning introduced into the Avionics Compartment?
80
2. Each Air Conditioning Controller has 2 lanes: Active/Standby
How many Air Conditioning System Controllers are there?
81
The second lane takes over
What occurs when an active lane of an Air Conditioning System Controller fails?
82
The avionics (controlled be the avionics equipment ventilation controller), the battery, the lavatories and galleys.
The ventilation system includes ventilation for...
83
When the smoke detector detects smoke in the avionics ventilation air the BLOWER and EXTRACT FAULT lights come on. When both the BLOWER and the EXTRACT pushbuttons are set to OVRD position the ai conditioning system supplies cooling air which is then exhausted overboard. The blower fan stops.
How does the smoke configuration work?
84
1 inlet valve, 1 ground cool fan, 1 cooling unit, 1 outlet valve and one controller.
What are the main components of the avionic ground cooling?
85
Open configuration on the ground before applying T/O power and closed configuration after applying T/O power in the air.
With the BLOWER and EXTRACT pb switches in AUTO what ventilation configuration do you normally expect to see?
86
A venturi in the skin of the aircraft draws air from the space around the batteries and vents it overboard. The resulting airflow ventilates the batteries.
How does the battery ventilation work?
87
PRESS page.
On which ECAM page you will get information about the ventilation system?
88
The system goes into the smoke configuration and the blower fan stops.
With the BLOWER and EXTRACT pb switches in OVRD what happens to the ventilation system?
89
The open-circuit configuration operates when the skin temperature is above the on-ground threshold: +12°C (53°F) temperature increasing or +9°C (48°F) temperature decreasing.
When does the avionic ventilation in the open-circuit configuration operate on the ground?
90
The avionic ventilation system is fully automatic. It cools the electrical and electronic components in the avionic compartment and on the flight deck including the instrument and circuit breaker panels.
What is the purpose of the avionic ventilation?
91
Fully open.
During ground function operation the outflow valve is...
92
Fans skin air inlet and extract valves skin exchange inlet and outlet bypass valves airconditioning inlet valve skin exchange isolation valve and Avionics Equipment Ventilation Computer (AEVC).
What are the main components of the avionic ventilation?
93
Continuously when electrical power is available
When does the Lav/Galley extract fan operate?
94
- SMOKE warning is activated- Computer power supply failure- Low Blower pressure- Duct Overheat
What does an amber "FAULT" light on the BLOWER pushbutton indicate?
95
- SMOKE Warning is activated- Computer power supply failure- Low Extract Pressure
What does an amber "FAULT" light on the EXTRACT pushbutton indicate?
96
Yes, the SMOKE light in the GEN 1 LINE pushbutton
With 2 FAULT lights on the VENTILATION panel, are there any other indications?
97
- Smoke removal in cabin- Ventilation of cabin with a dual pack failure
What is the RAM AIR pushbutton used for?
98
ECAM warning and amber "FAULT" lights in the EXTRACT and BLOWER pushbuttons on the VENTILATION panel
Will there be any other indications?
99
- Ground: system is normally in the OPEN configuration- Flight: system is normally in the CLOSED configuration- Intermediate: Closed configuration except small internal flap in Extract Valve is open.
With BLOWER and EXTRACT pushbuttons in AUTO how does the system operate?
100
- INLET valve closed- EXTRACT valve OPEN
With both BLOWER and EXTRACT pushbuttons in OVRD (smoke configuration) what are teh positions fo the INLET and EXTRACT valves?
101
- Isolation Valve closes- Extract Fans stop
With a CARGO SMOKE warning what happens to the Isolation Valve and Extract Fans?
102
Valve disagreement of inlet or outlet valve
What does the CARGO HEAT AFT ISOL VALVE amber "FAULT" light indicate?
103
To re-circulate cabin air to the mixing chamber and then back to the cabin
What is the purpose of the CABIN FANS?
104
Duct Overheat
What does the CARGO HEAT HOT AIR amber "FAULT" light indicate?
