aids Flashcards
what is it biologically
HIV attaches itself to the CD4 molecule, allowing the virus to enter and infect the T-lymphocytes
when does HIV turn into AIDS
<200 CD4
can be transferred by (4)
Semen or vaginal fluids
Sharing infected needles/syringes
From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast feeding
Blood transfusions of infected blood
how many people worldwide had HIV in 2015
36.7 million
how many people came newly infected in 2016
1.8 million worldwide
Since 2010, new HIV infections among adults declined by an estimated …..%
11%
New HIV infections among children declined by …..% since 2010
47%
how many people died from aids related illnesses in 2016
1 million
how many infected since the start of the epidemic
76.1 million
which gender make up more that half of those infected
females
At the end of 2016, US$ ….billion was available for the AIDS response in low- and middle-income countries
$19.1 billion
UNAIDS estimates that $….. billion will be required for the AIDS response in 2020 in LICs & MICs
$26.2 billion
why do LICs have higher prevelance? (5)
Lack of access to protection
Less educated
Inability to afford drugs which can slow the progression of the disease
Cultural beliefs against using protection
Women marginalised in society
tackling the situation (6)
Caring for victims and their families - NGOs
Plotting the course of the outbreak - where resources should be concentrated
Educating and advising - promote condom use
Trying to find a vaccine - $682 mill invested into research in 2004
Screening blood products - prior to blood transfusions to reduce risk of infection
ARV drugs - prolong life , $10 000 a year for AZT, 2003 free HAART treatment in South Africa
impact of aids on house hold (7)
medical expenditures - poverty
food consumption decreases
family structure and household composition change
adds stress
gender dependant
children leaving school prematurly
fostering orphans is common
impacts of aids on agriculture (4)
reduction in food production (25-50%)
decline on supply of labour for food and livestock production - women whose husbands was sick spent 45% less time on agricultural tasks
shift from cash crops to food crops - lack of funds to buy non-food essentials
loss of knowledge and experience
impacts of aids on education (5)
less primary education
reduction in teachers due to absence from illness
higher costs on the educational system
orphaned children are less likely to be enrolled
quality of teaching erodes
impact of aids of health sector (5)
absence of doctors
less doctors = lower quality of healthcare
insufficient to cover expenditure of medication
high demand low supply
need for international donors
