aids

Question 1

what is it biologically

Answer 1

HIV attaches itself to the CD4 molecule, allowing the virus to enter and infect the T-lymphocytes

Question 2

when does HIV turn into AIDS

Answer 2

<200 CD4

Question 3

can be transferred by (4)

Answer 3

Semen or vaginal fluids
Sharing infected needles/syringes
From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast feeding
Blood transfusions of infected blood

Question 4

how many people worldwide had HIV in 2015

Answer 4

36.7 million

Question 5

how many people came newly infected in 2016

Answer 5

1.8 million worldwide

Question 6

Since 2010, new HIV infections among adults declined by an estimated …..%

Answer 6

11%

Question 7

New HIV infections among children declined by …..% since 2010

Answer 7

47%

Question 8

how many people died from aids related illnesses in 2016

Answer 8

1 million

Question 9

how many infected since the start of the epidemic

Answer 9

76.1 million

Question 10

which gender make up more that half of those infected

Answer 10

females

Question 11

At the end of 2016, US$ ….billion was available for the AIDS response in low- and middle-income countries

Answer 11

$19.1 billion

Question 12

UNAIDS estimates that $….. billion will be required for the AIDS response in 2020 in LICs & MICs

Answer 12

$26.2 billion

Question 13

why do LICs have higher prevelance? (5)

Answer 13

Lack of access to protection
Less educated
Inability to afford drugs which can slow the progression of the disease
Cultural beliefs against using protection
Women marginalised in society

Question 14

tackling the situation (6)

Answer 14

Caring for victims and their families - NGOs
Plotting the course of the outbreak - where resources should be concentrated
Educating and advising - promote condom use
Trying to find a vaccine - $682 mill invested into research in 2004
Screening blood products - prior to blood transfusions to reduce risk of infection
ARV drugs - prolong life , $10 000 a year for AZT, 2003 free HAART treatment in South Africa

Question 15

impact of aids on house hold (7)

Answer 15

medical expenditures - poverty

food consumption decreases

family structure and household composition change

adds stress

gender dependant

children leaving school prematurly

fostering orphans is common

Question 16

impacts of aids on agriculture (4)

Answer 16

reduction in food production (25-50%)

decline on supply of labour for food and livestock production - women whose husbands was sick spent 45% less time on agricultural tasks

shift from cash crops to food crops - lack of funds to buy non-food essentials

loss of knowledge and experience

Question 17

impacts of aids on education (5)

Answer 17

less primary education

reduction in teachers due to absence from illness

higher costs on the educational system

orphaned children are less likely to be enrolled

quality of teaching erodes

Question 18

impact of aids of health sector (5)

Answer 18

absence of doctors

less doctors = lower quality of healthcare

insufficient to cover expenditure of medication

high demand low supply

need for international donors