AI Flashcards Lecture 2
What are some key factors in the development of antisocial behaviour, according to the sources?
Abnormal neurodevelopment involving brain structure, function and connectivity, driven by genetic x environmental interactions. Environmental factors such as maternal drug/alcohol abuse, high stress during pregnancy, birth complications, harsh/inconsistent parenting, parental psychopathology, maltreatment or neglect, low socio-economic status, and community violence can ignite genetic risk.
What is the Amygdala’s role in antisociality?
The Amygdala is an integrative neural hub that plays a crucial role in antisociality. It is often smaller in size and hyporesponsive to negative affective stimuli. It is also deprived of regulatory corticolimbic interactions.
According to the sources, how does the Amygdala function in antisocial individuals?
The Amygdala is hyporesponsive to negative stimuli, has suboptimal Amygdala-Frontostriatal coupling, leads to deficient affective processing, results in biased attention and poor associative learning, and precludes learning from mistakes or negative outcomes, which promotes persistent antisocial and maladaptive behaviour.
What is the Integrated Emotion Systems (IES) Model?
The IES model, from Dr James Blair, is a model related to antisociality. The sources do not provide specific information about the details of the model.
What is the Paralimbic System Dysfunction Model?
This model from Dr. Kent Kiehl extends the IES model, goes beyond just the Amygdala, involves more distributed neural anomalies, and is reminiscent of alternative neural operations.
What is the evolutionary significance of the amygdaloid complex?
In mammals, the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) is larger compared to the Corticomedial Amygdala (CMA), particularly in humans and primates, and is associated with complex socioemotional functions.
What is the problem with using group examinations to study antisocial behavior?
There are many different ways to partition clinical populations which can lead to problems because some participants may not clearly belong to any class, or some classes may become unmanageably small. Patient subgroups may not be stable over time. It may be difficult to choose a unique optimal number of clusters. The classic case-control approach also overlooks heterogeneity.
What are some of the issues with the classic case-control approach in studying antisocial behavior?
The classic case-control approach may have sensitivity/specificity/validity issues, produce small and difficult to replicate effects, and be unable to predict diagnosis, course, and treatment response. This approach also assumes that cases and controls each form a well-defined group, but in reality, clinical populations may be composed of multiple groups with distinct pathologies, or the clinical group may be diffuse and heterogeneous due to misdiagnosis, comorbidities, or an aggregation of different pathologies.
Why is impulsivity relevant to antisocial behaviour?
Impulsivity and impairments in reward processing are core features of many disorders, including ADHD and addiction.
