Agro Food Systems

Question 1

3 methods to increase food surplus

Answer 1

• extensification (increase land)
• increase labor productivity (mechanical)
• Increase land productivity

Question 2

The labour productivity curve

Answer 2

has diminishing returns the more the workload is increased

Question 3

The labour productivity curve can be increased by

Answer 3

increase in technology, makes yield increase even more

Question 4

Increase in technology on farms

Answer 4

leads to people moving to the city since there was less work on the farm, and in the past more work in the city trough industralization

Question 5

Side-effects of agro successes

Answer 5

•Large-scale and ongoing deforestation, with loss of ecosystem services
•Overexploitation of soils and water resources, possible
intensified by climate change
•Inputs of fossil fuels , with dependence and vulnerabilities
•Inputs of fertilizers and pesticides, causing widespread
pollution e.g. N and P
•Dependence on finite phosphorus (P) resources
•Decreasing employment , increasing disconnect between people and their land
•Greater complexity, hence in some ways
less resilient e.g. more trade connections and price fluctuations, easier spread
of diseases

Question 6

Negative side effects of successes indicate

Answer 6

that humans adopt towards unintended negative side effects

Question 7

Vulnerability is caused by

Answer 7

• exposure to risk
• sensitivity
• coping capacity

Question 8

Sensitivity is influenced by

Answer 8

socio-economic conditions

-environmental conditions

Question 9

The key food question

Answer 9

food allocation and distribution.

There is an uneven distribution in access to and availability and affordability of food in the world

Question 10

Humans live in

Answer 10

geographical and climate related areas

close to river/sea, not where it is too cold or too hot

Question 11

The successful of humasn

Answer 11

increases further away from the equator

Question 12

NPP

Answer 12

net primary production

Question 13

Net primary production

Answer 13

the growth of vegetation

Question 14

Extensifaction

Answer 14

the extensification for land is over

Question 15

wild land

Answer 15

1/4 of the planet

Question 16

[…] of people live in […]

Answer 16

80%

dense populated areas

Question 17

Biome categories

-

Answer 17

• dense settlements
• villages
• croplands
• rangelands
• semi-natural
• wildlands

Question 18

biome

Answer 18

a unit of species composition and ecological processes and a function of climate derived parameters

Question 19

For 1/3 of the human population

Answer 19

they are involved in agricultur with knowledge of the land and natural resource system as the most important part

Question 20

Nomadic hurders

Answer 20

still exist

are very vulnerable to climate change. Travelling is their coping strategy

Question 21

Higher yields

Answer 21

have been won by the increasing the intensity of land use.. This worked for both crops and lifestock

Question 22

mixed farming system

Answer 22

reduction of fallow period, extinction of common rights, increasing importance of livestock

Question 23

income spend on food […] as [….]

Answer 23

decreases as income rises

Question 24

nutrition transition:

Answer 24

vulnerability of poor people for food prices

Question 25

yield gap

Answer 25

difference between potential and actual yield

Question 26

potential yield

Answer 26

can be modeled for cereal crops based on soil and climate values (temperature, precipitation, etc.)

Question 27

yields have been increasing through

Answer 27

``` irrigation multiple cropping fertilizers herbicides pesticides improved land management genetic advances ```

Question 28

sustainable soil manamemegnt

Answer 28

- nutrient outflow does not surpass nutrient inflow | - rate of inflow fertility-reducing substances does not surpass the outflow and breaking down rate

Question 29

advantage of increased co2

Answer 29

better photosynthesis

Question 30

negative side of effect (in the food system)

Answer 30

- polluting soils - health risks from herbicides/pesticides - impacts of GMO - groundwater pressure (-> biodiversity loss) - agro systems becomming dependent on finite resourcses

Question 31

LUCC

Answer 31

land use and cover change

Question 32

LUCC transtition

Answer 32

describes the manifold and milicausal

Question 33

at the root of LUCC

Answer 33

quest for food, fodder and viber

Question 34

five fundamental underlying causes of LUCC

Answer 34

1) resource scarcity 2) changing oppertunities created by markets 3) outside policy intervention 4) loss of adaptive capacity 5) changes in social organisations, resource access and attitudes

Question 35

for moddeling LUCC

Answer 35

a bottem upo approach is needed

Question 36

[...] of the farming is [...] responsible for [...] products on the market

Answer 36

3-4% industrial 2/3

Question 37

industrial farming -->

Answer 37

cash crops. no link with natural environment

Question 38

... in ... decreases chance of ...

Answer 38

diversity available goods famine

Question 39

food production is ... in supply chain

Answer 39

upstream

Question 40

... of food is ... and has a higher share of ...

Answer 40

processing downstream gdp

Question 41

Future food demand can be met through

Answer 41

improvement on the supply side. | the question is if this can be done sustainable (pesticides, fertilizers, etc..)

Question 42

3 important feedback loops

Answer 42

- price competition - production loop - upscaling/innovation

Question 43

mechanisms and interventions (of food)

Answer 43

- food surplus and trade - food shortage & security - externalizing environmental and social consequences - environmental and social regulation

Question 44

two constraints in food

Answer 44

1) amount of food needed for survival | 2) food providing resource base is finite