Age-related macular degeneration

Question 1

What are the features of dry ARMD?

Answer 1

Gradual loss of central vision
Peripheral vision is spared
Difficulty with reading and seeing fine details
May not be able to see people’s faces clearly
Straight lines look wavy or distorted

Question 2

What investigations are carried out to help diagnose dry ARMD?

Answer 2

Fundoscopy:
Drusen on macula
Peripheral retina is flat
No other changes/abnormalities

Amsler grid test:
Distortion of line perception

Question 3

What is the management for dry ARMD?

Answer 3

No treatment available

Vitamins and minerals supplements may slow down progression

Question 4

What are the features of wet ARMD?

Answer 4

Subacute/sudden loss of central vision

Choroidal neovascularisation
Red patches that represent intra-retinal or sub-retinal leakage or haemorrhage

Question 5

What investigation is carried out in wet ARMD?

Answer 5

Fundoscopy

Amsler grid test

Question 6

What is the management for wet ARMD?

Answer 6

Anti-VEGF injection into vitreous

Question 7

What are risk factors for ARMD?

Answer 7

Advancing age
Smoking
Family Hx
Ischaemic CV disease risk factors e.g. hypertension, diabetes