Ag And Indus Rev New

Question 1

Population changes nobility

Answer 1

Gained power through enclosure acts in Great Britain

Caused the, to be more in control

Question 2

Population changes poor

Answer 2

Great hunger in Ireland killed two million and two million emigrated to England/US
Less farming land, many had to turn to industrial jobs in cities
Land taken away through enclosure acts —> homeless, unemployed
Burden on church because they felt the need to help them

Question 3

Standard of living changes rural and urban

Answer 3

Urban provided job opportunities and a chance for upward mobility but had poor living conditions
Not enough jobs for everyone, still many poor in the cities
Women and children cheaper to employ —> many unemployed men, gin alley and alcoholism
80% wealth controlled by top 10%

Question 4

Standard of life changes

Answer 4

Increased due to better diet, transportation improvements, decline of plague, end of ice age, medical improvements

Question 5

Peasant food

Answer 5

Bread, potato, maize/corn

Question 6

Changes in family life and child rearing

Answer 6

New factories employed entire families to work for them instead of having a family business at home
Children received more attention; stores filled with toys and children’s clothes emerged
Mothers grew more attached to their children because death rates decreased
But still largely limited to wealthier; many poor resorted to infanticide or child abandonment

Question 7

Agricultural revolution

Answer 7

Potato famine
Jethro tull
End to open field system
New crops from new worlds (listed before, also turnips and cloves to replenish soil)
Livestock healthier and more abundant
Countries under European control encouraged to export raw goods and import Europe’s finished goods

Question 8

Jethro tull

Answer 8

Seed drill and hoe

Question 9

Why Great Britain as place to start industrial revolution

Answer 9

Puddling, cotton manufacturing, stable laissez-faire government, crystal palace, colonies, stable credit institutions, Protestants, laws restricting artisans from leaving country

Question 10

Puddling

Answer 10

New form of iron manufacturing, higher quality iron, could make a lot, better

Question 11

Why stable government good

Answer 11

Parliament passes laws favorable to business

Question 12

Why colonies good

Answer 12

Providing raw material

Question 13

Why Protestants good

Answer 13

They were excluded from many positions so they gravitated towards jobs in commerce

Question 14

Why laws restricting artisans good

Answer 14

Artisans can’t leave country and sell inventions to other countries

Question 15

Railroads

Answer 15

Imperative for countries because needed to transport goods over large land mass, especially in US, in Europe used to expand trade, luxury, travel

Question 16

Cotton gin

Answer 16

Gets rid of the seeds in cotton quicker

Question 17

Spinning Jenny

Answer 17

James Hargrave, spins cotton faster

Question 18

Water frame spinning machine

Answer 18

Uses water power to spin stuff quickly

Question 19

Power loom

Answer 19

1785, Cartwright, drove many handbook weavers out of business

Question 20

Mule

Answer 20

1780, Compton, combined the mechanical principles of the jenny and the water frame to create the spinning mule
Sped up weaving

Question 21

Factories

Answer 21

Main labor was women and children, men tended to go west

Replaced the cottage industry/putting-out system as demand rose

Question 22

Main source of labor in factories

Answer 22

Peasants who lost farming land due to the enclosure acts

Question 23

Ten hours act

Answer 23

Passed to reduce Labor Day for children and women

Question 24

Angry privileged men

Answer 24

Required higher wages, not preferable source of labor, resorted to gin alley (spending money on alcohol)

Question 25

Ten hours act

Answer 25

Mandated that women and children only have ten hour work days

Question 26

Luddites

Answer 26

Anti-technology because machines took away their jobs, would break into factories to smash machinery

Question 27

Chartist petitions

Answer 27

Sent two petitions to parliament because they wanted universal male suffrage

Question 28

Combination acts

Answer 28

Repealed in 1804 because of increases in strikes, unions then tolerated but watched too

Question 29

Children education

Answer 29

Received some working at cotton mills

Question 30

Edwin Chadwick

Answer 30

1800-1890, pushed for sanitation reform, supported by the lower class as well as the middle class because everybody was afraid of cholera