Africanisation (11) Flashcards
What gave new opportunities to Africans?
The removal of colonial officials and administrators at the time of independence gave new opportunities to Africans.
What was the most obvious result of independence ?
The Africanisation of the government was one of the most obvious results of independence, although it only benefited the educated elites.
What did Africanisation promote in Tanzania?
In Tanzania, Africanisation did not just involve jobs in government and the civil service. Nyerere promoted Swahili as a national language and believed that African co-operative community values would be encouraged in the ujamaa villages. In the Congo, Africanisation was more controversial.
What happened when Lumumba became prime minister of the coalition government in 1960?
When Lumumba became prime minister of the coalition government in 1960, he called for the swift Africanisation of the army and the administration. As a result, several forces in the Congolese army mutinied, demanding pay rises and the replacement of white officers by Africans.
What led to the intervention of Belgian and later UN troops?
It was this mutiny that led to the intervention of Belgian and later UN troops. However, it was Mobuto who carried out the most thorough program of Africanisation. This was ironic, because at the time he was closely allied to Western powers in the Cold War.
What happened soon after the coup?
Soon after his coup, he renamed many of the country’s towns with African names (the capital, Leopoldville became Kinshasa) and the Congo itself was renamed as Zaire.
What were Zairians required to do?
All Zairians were required to change their names to more African ones. Joseph-Désiré Mobutu became Mobuto Sese Seko Kuku Ngbedu Waza Banga.
What was Authenticite intended to do?
Authenticité was intended to unify Zairians with a sense of pride in their own culture, although Mobuto also used it to strengthen his own authoritarian position.
What did Mobuto argue about democracy?
Mobuto argued that democracy was a foreign ideology and that he was the ‘father’ of the nation in a way which followed chiefly tradition, claming that ‘in our African tradition there are never two chiefs.
True or false, ‘Not all Africanisation policies were imposed from above. There were many examples of African cultural initiatives in independent Africa.
True
What is a cultural Zarian example?
One Zairian example which is still popular today is the music that originated in the streets of Kinshasa and was promoted by Zairian recording companies as part of the authenticité campaign.
Who was the most famous Zairian musician?
The most famous Zairian musician was the jazz guitarist Franco Luambo Makiadi, the ‘king of Congolese music’. He produced songs in praise of Mobuto but also ones on the eternal themes of love and hardship ‘and satirical comments on Zairian life which had wide popular appeal.
What happened after independence?
After independence all African states faced different political, economic, social and cultural challenges and had various successes.
True or false, The examples from the Congo and Tanzania which are discussed in this topic are two examples of these, but they show that each country dealt with these issues in very different ways.
True
