Affiliative and reproductive behaviour Flashcards
What is the effect of testes reimplantation on chickens?
The reimplantation restores normal development in roosters
What are the three classes of hormones?
Steroid, amine and peptide
What class of hormones can travel across the cell membrane?
Steroid hormones
What does the Y chromosome control for in the development of the sex organs?
The glands that produce male sex hormones
What are the gonads?
Testes and ovaries
What is the name of the region on the Y chromosome that leads to the production of a gene that binds to the DNA in the undifferentiated gonads?
SRY
The DNA expresses the SRY protein which does what?
Turns the gonads into testes
What is the name of the hormone that has a de-feminising effect, allowing the internal organs to develop into male ones?
Anti-mullerian hormone
What is the role of dihydrotestosterone?
Develops external genitalia into male ones
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the release of testosterone and estradiol?
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
What is the name for the menstrual cycle in non-primate mammals?
Estrous cycle
What are the three stages of sexual behaviour in male rodents?
Mounts, intromissions and ejaculation
What is the name for sexual behaviour in female rodents?
Lordosis
What is the Lee-Boot effect?
The synchronisation of the female estrous cycles
What is the name of the effect that aborts a pregnancy if a female rat is exposed to a male other then the one she mated with?
The bruce effect
What group of cells control ejaculation?
The lumbar spinothalamic cells
Where is the sexually diamorphic nucleus found?
In the medial preoptic area
Destruction of what brain area abolishes sexual behaviour in females?
Ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus
What brain areas are involved in maternal behaviour in rats? (in general, and in reward)
Medial preoptic areas
VTA-NAc pathway, involved in the rewards system, is activated when mothers encounter their pups
What brain area is involved in paternal behaviour?
Medial preotpic area
What is the evidence that the medial preoptic area is involved in paternal behaviour?
MPA lesions in rats and prairie voles disrupt paternal behaviour and MPA is bigger in prairie voles than in meadow voles (polygamous)
What is the role of OXT and VP in partner preference?
Increased their partner preference
What are the neurobiological differences between meadow and prairie voles that may explain monogamy?
Prairie voles have more vasopressin receptors
What were the Kosfeld et al 2009 findings?
That intranasal OXT administration increased monetary unit transfers levels
Who found that OXT administration increased donations to charity in the social frame?
Marsh et al, 2015
OXT was found to increase what prosocial behaviours?
Social approach, trust, altruism and empathy
What can we conclude about the oxytocin map of the brain?
Other hormones play a role, even though OXT does affect key brain areas
