Affiliative and reproductive behaviour

Question 1

What is the effect of testes reimplantation on chickens?

Answer 1

The reimplantation restores normal development in roosters

Question 2

What are the three classes of hormones?

Answer 2

Steroid, amine and peptide

Question 3

What class of hormones can travel across the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Steroid hormones

Question 4

What does the Y chromosome control for in the development of the sex organs?

Answer 4

The glands that produce male sex hormones

Question 5

What are the gonads?

Answer 5

Testes and ovaries

Question 6

What is the name of the region on the Y chromosome that leads to the production of a gene that binds to the DNA in the undifferentiated gonads?

Answer 6

SRY

Question 7

The DNA expresses the SRY protein which does what?

Answer 7

Turns the gonads into testes

Question 8

What is the name of the hormone that has a de-feminising effect, allowing the internal organs to develop into male ones?

Answer 8

Anti-mullerian hormone

Question 9

What is the role of dihydrotestosterone?

Answer 9

Develops external genitalia into male ones

Question 10

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the release of testosterone and estradiol?

Answer 10

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

Question 11

What is the name for the menstrual cycle in non-primate mammals?

Answer 11

Estrous cycle

Question 12

What are the three stages of sexual behaviour in male rodents?

Answer 12

Mounts, intromissions and ejaculation

Question 13

What is the name for sexual behaviour in female rodents?

Answer 13

Lordosis

Question 14

What is the Lee-Boot effect?

Answer 14

The synchronisation of the female estrous cycles

Question 15

What is the name of the effect that aborts a pregnancy if a female rat is exposed to a male other then the one she mated with?

Answer 15

The bruce effect

Question 16

What group of cells control ejaculation?

Answer 16

The lumbar spinothalamic cells

Question 17

Where is the sexually diamorphic nucleus found?

Answer 17

In the medial preoptic area

Question 18

Destruction of what brain area abolishes sexual behaviour in females?

Answer 18

Ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 19

What brain areas are involved in maternal behaviour in rats? (in general, and in reward)

Answer 19

Medial preoptic areas
VTA-NAc pathway, involved in the rewards system, is activated when mothers encounter their pups

Question 20

What brain area is involved in paternal behaviour?

Answer 20

Medial preotpic area

Question 21

What is the evidence that the medial preoptic area is involved in paternal behaviour?

Answer 21

MPA lesions in rats and prairie voles disrupt paternal behaviour and MPA is bigger in prairie voles than in meadow voles (polygamous)

Question 22

What is the role of OXT and VP in partner preference?

Answer 22

Increased their partner preference

Question 23

What are the neurobiological differences between meadow and prairie voles that may explain monogamy?

Answer 23

Prairie voles have more vasopressin receptors

Question 24

What were the Kosfeld et al 2009 findings?

Answer 24

That intranasal OXT administration increased monetary unit transfers levels

Question 25

Who found that OXT administration increased donations to charity in the social frame?

Answer 25

Marsh et al, 2015

Question 26

OXT was found to increase what prosocial behaviours?

Answer 26

Social approach, trust, altruism and empathy

Question 27

What can we conclude about the oxytocin map of the brain?

Answer 27

Other hormones play a role, even though OXT does affect key brain areas