Affiliation

Question 1

Early death more likely when

Answer 1

Unmarried [mainly men]
Fewer social contacts
Member of fewer organizations
Fewer relationships with friends and family [mainly women]

Question 2

Emotional support

Answer 2

Emotional support: showing others that you care about them, love them, and appreciate them

Question 3

Instrumental support

Answer 3

Instrumental support: how to solve problems & receive tangible help

Question 4

Reasons why social support positively affects our health

Answer 4

1. It promotes self-care
2. It directly buffers stress

Question 5

secure attachment

Answer 5

• Caregivers were responsive to their needs and available when in distress
• Generally have a positive self-view, trust others

Secure people have better (more satisfying) relationships

Question 6

insecure attachment

Answer 6

Insecure:
- Caregivers were unresponsive to their needs and did not provide support in distressing situations

• Avoidant: do not trust others, keep emotional distance from others
• Anxious/ambivalent: lack self-confidence, worry about their relationships, compulsively seek intimacy with others

Question 7

factors of psychological attraction

Answer 7

Three important factors
1. Proximity: fysieke nabijheid (bv buren, meer kans om vrienden te worden)
Familiarity = hoe meer we iemand zien, hoe leuker
Similarity = gelijkenissen

Question 8

brain regions when in love

Answer 8

• insula and reward system

Question 9

passionate love:

Answer 9

initial, strong motivational sense of love

Question 10

companionate love:

Answer 10

► companionate love:
affection and tenderness we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined
Can be love for a partner, friends or family
However, how to distinguish companionate love for friend or partner

Question 11

Triangular theory of Sternberg

Answer 11

• Intimacy: feelings of closeness and connectedness
• Passion: romance, physical attraction and sex
• Commitment: realization that one loves one’s partner; long-term commitment to maintain that love

Question 12

Equity theory

Answer 12

Equity theory (Adams, 1963)
- Greatest satisfaction with good balance of costs and benefits
- If the ratio of rewards/costs of p1 is equal to the ratio of p2

Question 13

Stability of relationship depends on commitment, which depends on:

Answer 13

High satisfaction (∿ comparison level)
Low quality of alternatives
High investments

Question 14

Relationship superiority:

Answer 14

tendency to perceive your own relationship as better than average

Question 15

Self-expansion model

Answer 15

People have a fundamental motivation/need for self-expansion, i.e. to improve or ”expand” their self-efficacy (= trust in own competence)
People often achieve self-expansion through close relationships that allow the “inclusion of the other in the self”

Question 16

Types of relationships

Answer 16

Types of relationships
1. Exchange: give a benefit, receive a comparable benefit in return
2. Communal: exchange benefits according to each partner’s needs, without expecting something in return
3. Horizontal: egalitarian; reciprocal exchange of benefits (► friendship)
4. Vertical: hierarchical; unequal exchange of benefits (► parenting)

5. Voluntary: no formal bonds (► friendship)
6. Involuntary: formal bonds (biological ties or social structures) (► parenting, arranged marriage)

Question 17

Break-up: different reactions according to attachment style

Answer 17

Break-up: different reactions according to attachment style
Secure: seek social support
Avoidant: suppress emotions
Anxious/Ambivalent: extreme emotions, attempt to restore, anger and vengeance, dysfunctional coping (alcohol & drugs

Question 18

Self-expansion model

Answer 18

The more the other is included in the self, the harder the break-up