AERT 3060 Mid-Term Flashcards
Left engine model
IO-360-B1G6
Right engine Model
LIO-360-B1G6
Engine Type
Fuel injected
Four Cylinder
Direct Drive
Horizontally opposed
air cooled
The two types of prop blades that we have
Straight and Scimitar
Tell me about the straight blade
2 blades
74 max diameter
72 min diameter
Tell me about the scimitar blade
2 blades
74 max diameter
72.5 min diameter
N445BG & N446BG
Total Fuel Capacity
110
Usable Fuel
108
Vne
Never Exceed Speed
202
Vno
Max structural cursing speed
169
Vo
Max operating maneuvering speed
@ 3800 GW = 135
@2870 GW = 115
Vle
Max landing gear extended
140
Vlo
Max landing gear extension
140
Vlo
Max landing gear retraction
109
Vfe
Max flaps extended
111
Blue Line
one engine inop. best rate of climb
88
Vmca
lowest airspeed with one engine inop
56
Never exceed speed
202
Yellow band - smooth air only
169-202
Green band
57-169
White Arc
55-111
Blue line
88
Red line
56
Fuel Flow - green band
3.0-25.0
Alternator
Ground: 60 amps
Air: 65 amps
Main battery
Min: 25
Max: 32
Emergency battery
Min: 20
required for flight 23.3
Max: 32
Propeller Type
Constant Speed
Hydraulically Actuated
Full Feathering
what is a constant speed propeller
variable-pitch propeller that automatically changes its bade pitch to maintain a chosen rotational speed
What are different kinds of propeller systems
fixed pitch
constant speed
full feathering
Tell me about the full feathering propeller
feathering the prop (turning to high pitch) with the blades almost parallel to the airstream will eliminate asymmetric drag forces caused by windmilling when the inop engine is shut down
How is pitch controlled
- oil pressure - low pitch high RPM (unfeathered)
- Nitrogen Pressure and Spring - High Pitch - low RPM (towards feather)
- helps to prevent overspeeding
Tell me about feathering operation
full aft movement of the prop control
min RPM to feather is 950RPM
Oil is accumulated under pressure
Tell me about unfeather Operation
prop control forward
release of oil under pressure in the accumulator
bladed move out of feather
what prevents the engine from feathering
Anti Feathering pins and the engine RPMS being lower than 950RPM which operates off of centrifugal force
what is centrifugal force
force that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation on an object moving in a curved path
what happens when you unfeather a system
increased capacity governors
nitrogen charged accumulators
oil under pressures is released back to governor
its anywhere from 10-17seconds to feather
its 8-12seconds to unfeather
how many governors do we have in the PA-44-180
2
1 governor per engine
what does a governor do
supplies and boosts oil to maintain constant RPM settings
what are different types of fuel systems
gravity fed and pump assisted
Tell me about fuel pumps
There are the main pumps, auxiliary pumps and emergency back-up
these pumps are electric and hydraulically driven
what are the two induction systems
carburetion and fuel injection
give me pros and cons to a carbureted fuel system
pros: lighter, easy to work on, cheap
cons: not as precise, abrupt maneuvers and can have carb icing
give me pros and cons to a fuel injected fuel system
pros: efficient, precise, no carb icing
cons: heavier, harder to work on, vapor lock
what is vapor lock
liquid fuel changes state to a gas while still in the fuel delivery system.
fuel is overheated and turns into a vapor in the fuel injector or lines
Tell me about the PA-44-180 fuel system
110 gallons
108 usable
1 gal unusable per tank
how many fuel pumps does the PA-44-180 have
2 engine fuel pumps
2 aux. electric driven fuel pumps
- these have to be on for t/o, landing and intentional maneuvering
1 heater fuel pump
tell me about the engine
4 stroke system with 1 event
1. intake - mixing of fuel and air
2. compression
5. ignition
3. power - combustion
4. exhaust - as gas leaves
what way does the left engine rotate? right engine?
Left engine : clockwise
Right engine: counterclockwise
what does direct drive mean
the prop is directly connected to the crankshaft and both turn at the same rate. there is no reduction gearing
what is the fuel servo
fuel to air ration
air that’s either filtered or unfiltered
often referred to as the butterfly valve
tell me about the fuel injected system
tank -
fuel pump - through the system to
fuel control unit - regulates amount of fuel needed based on mixture
fuel manifold - fuel is held before being distributed
discharge nozzles - spider lines
tell me about the oil system
it cleans, cools, and lubricates
tell me the flow of oil
sump- pump-screen-cooler-filter-engine-prop-sump
constant speed propellers increase power in flight
blade angle increases
torque required to spin the prop increase
a/c speed torque on engine will increase
tell me about the alternators on the PA-44-180
there are two rocker switches
primary electrical power source
2 belt driven, 28 volt, 70 amp
what protects the alt from failure
voltage regulator - effective load sharing while delivering 28v to the system
overvoltage relay: prevents damage, takes off line if exceeds 32v
(ALTR fails cas message)
tell me about the battery
13.6 amp. hr
24 volt
emergency battery
how many electrical buses do we have
6
what is a bus bar
distributes voltage and organizes a system
what’s on the essential bus
right altr
r alt. field
emergency battery
non essential bus
batt
av bus
left altr
l alt. field
lighting bus
emergency battery relay
pitot heat
ADC 1
AHRDS 1
Audio/marker
com 1
GEA 1
integ av 1
PFD 1
stby
L fuel pump
xpdr
R fuel pump
gear pump
light bus
non essential bus
engine start
pitch trim
cabin heater
vent fan
emergency bus
avionics lts
adc 1
ahrs1
audio/marker
com 1
gea 1
integ av 1
pfd 1
stdby instr
what do the dual load meters indicate
each alt load
what airspeed can you manually extend the gear
100 knots
how long is the gear cycle
6-7 seconds
how does retracting the landing gear work
pressure in Up lines, holds hear in up Position
how does extending the landing gear work
pressure in down lines, downclock hooks
spring pressure on hooks assist
spring aid in extending, gravity pulls
what is the PA-44-180 landing gear
electrically operated hydraulically powered system
how many volts is the landing gear
12v
when can the landing gear warning horn be activated
when throttles below 14” and gear not down and locked
gear selector switch in “up” and aircraft on the ground
Gear selector switch in “up” and flaps extended to 2nd or 3rd notch
CAS messages
warning - red
caution - amber changes at 400agl
landing gear safety switch
squat switch
what is a squat switch
left main gear- prevents pump from activating on the ground
takeoff - squat switch closes and allows pump to activate
stall warning horn is activated by
2 lift dectors on the left wing
when do each detector work
outboard detector 0-10 flaps
inboard detector 25-40 flaps
what are environmental Systems
pneumatic from engines
exhaust shrouds
janitrol combustion heater
tell me about the janitrol heater
pulls 1/2 GPH from left tank
45,000 BTU
heated air for cabin heat and for windshield
