2810 Final Oral Flashcards
What are IFR cruising altitudes?
0-179 odd thousands (example 5,000)
180-359 even thousands (example 4,000)
Communication failure in IMC
squawk 7600
- check volume
- check your comm/mic selection
- check frequency
- switch to previous ATC frequency & ask again for frequency
MEA : min en-route altitude (fly the highest)
~ expected
~ assigned
Route: fly in order
~assigned
~ vectored
~ expected
~ filed
Disorientation and Illusions in IMC
Runway width:
narrower = higher
Wider =lower
Graveyard spin in IMC : prolonged coordinated, constant-rate turn may experience the illusion of not turning. When returning to level flight, pic will experience turning in the opposite direction.
Somatogravic illusion : nose-up attitude (experienced on takeoff) pic may push the aircraft into a nose-low or nose-dive attitude.
Corolis illusion: in turn long enough that fluid in the ear canal moves at the same speed. Turning of the head, has the illusion that the plane is doing something that it isn’t
Leans : sudden return to straight and level flight.
Fog gives the illusion of pitching up.
Haze gives the illusion of being at a greater distance and height from the runway.
VASI
Visual Approach slope indicator
seen 3-5 miles during the day
seen 20 + miles at night
3 degree glide slope
+/- 10 degrees
PAPI
Precision Approach Path Indicators
4 light boxes
reduce CFIT
2 white 2 red = 3 degree glide slope
seen 5 miles during day
seen 20 miles at night
+/- 10 degrees
Types of hold entries
direct
parallel
teardrop
fundamental instrument skills
instrument cross check
Interpretation
aircraft control
Gyroscopic flight instruments
Attitude indicator
Heading indicator
Turn coordinator
Pitot-Static Instruments
Airspeed indicator
VSI
Altimeter
magnetic compass
BGFC doesn’t have magnetic compasses in the Archers.
instead, they have 2 Magnetometers, one under each wing
measure the earths magnetic field to show orientation.
- typically magnetic compasses have to be reset in flight every 15 minutes due to precession of the instrument
Preflight check on the Airspeed indicator
- is it Pitot Static or a Gyroscopic instrument?
Should be reading 0 while on the ground
“airspeed alive” during takeoff, if not; abort takeoff
ASI is a Pitot Static Instrument
Different types of Airspeeds
Indicated airspeed
Calibrated airspeed
Equivalent airspeed
True airspeed
Ground Speed
Preflight check on the Vertical Speed Indicator
- is it Pitot Static or a Gyroscopic instrument?
Should be reading 0 while on the ground, if not. whatever number it stays on, is the new 0
VSI is a pitot static instrument
Preflight check on the Altimeter
- is it a pitot static or a gyroscopic instrument?
Set to local altimeter setting, prior to takeoff
Should read +/- 75ft of field elevation
Altimeter is a pitot static instrument
Types of altitudes
Indicated
Calibrated
Pressure
Density
True
Absolute
Preflight check on the attitude indicator
- is it a pitot static or a gyroscopic instrument
stabilized within 5 minutes of start up
no more than a 5 degree of bank and one bar of pitch deviation on taxi turns
attitude indicator is a gyroscopic indicator
Preflight check on the heading indicator
- is it a pitot static or a gyroscopic instrument
aligned with the magnetic compass
can not precess more than 3 degrees in 15min.
heading indicator is a gyroscopic indicator
Preflight check on the turn coordinator
- is it a pitot static or a gyroscopic instrument
ball centered and inclinometer full of fluid
wings level while stationary
turn coordinate is a gyroscopic indicator
Airplane maintenance logbook
Annual inspection 12cm
Vor 30days
100 hour inspection
Altimeter / pitot static 24 cm
Transponder 24cm
Elt 12cm
Gps 28days Nav & 56days Terrian and Obstacles
Required IFR Equipment
Airspeed indicator
Temperature gauge
Oil temperature
Magnetic compass
Altitude indicator
Tachometer
Oil pressure
Fuel gauge
Landing gear position
Anti-collision lights
Manifold pressure gauge
Elt
Seatbelts
Fuses (BGFC doesn’t need - circuit breakers)
Landing light (for hire)
Anit-collision lights
Position lights
Source of power
Generator / alternator
Rate of turn
Airspeed indicator
Ball (inclinometer)
Clock (has to be installed in the aircraft hr,min,sec)
Altitude indicator (pressure sensitive)
Radios (com/nav)
Dme above 24,000 feet
Directional gyro
Vor within class B airspeed
Types of icing
induction and structural icing
How to notice induction icing
Drop in RPM and there will be engine roughness
can happen up to 70 degrees F
open the alternate air
Types of structural icing
clear
rime
mixed
frost
Explain Clear ice
Large supercooled droplets
covers the entire wing
Explain Rime ice
Instantons freeze on impact
leading edge of the wing
stratiform clouds
opaque in color
Explain Mixed ice
properties of both clear and rime
is both small and large water droplets
Explain Frost
temperature = dew point
Fully saturated
reporting icing : Trace
> 1/3 inch
reporting icing : Light
1/3 to 1 inch (over 1hr in cloud)
reporting icing : Moderate
1 to 3 inch (accumulated in cloud)
reporting icing : Severe
3 inches + (rapid)
Types of thunderstorms
- Air mass t-storms
- Steady state
- Squall line
Explain Air Mass T-Storms
they are random
last 1 to 2 hours
due to surface heating
Explain Steady State
occur when fronts are moving through
happens with weather systems
Explain Squall Line
narrow band of active thunderstorms
typically during the late afternoons
they are rapid forming
Different ways to report turbulence
light
light chop
moderate
moderate chop
severe
extreme
Explain light turb.
light and erratic in altitude/attitude
Explain light chop turb.
rough, no change in altitude/attitude
Explain moderate turb.
change in altitude/attitude and still control the aircraft
Explain moderate chop turb.
rapid and random and not much change altitude/attitude
Explain severe chop.
Large abrupt changes in altitude/attitude and can lose control over the aircraft
Explain extreme chop.
Aircraft uncontrobable - and might even be structural damage
Define dewpoint
Point at which air can’t hold more moisture
Types of fog
radiation
advection
steam
ice
Explain radiation fog
occurs on a clear night with no wind. When the ground cools rapidly,
