AeroMed Check on Learning Flashcards
What are the four organizations that maintain aviation medical standards?
- Army Aeromedical Activity (AAMA)
- US Army Combat Readiness/Safety Center
- US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory
- US Army School of Aviation Medicine
Which member of the Aviation Medicine Health Care Team is a rated crewmember?
Flight Surgeon.
Which members of the Aviation Medicine Health Care Team are non-rated crewmembers?
- Aeromedical Physician Assistant (APA)
- Aviation Medicine Nurse Practitioner ( AMNP)
Which member of the Aviation Medicine Health Care Team is non-rated, and a non-crewmember?
Aeromedical Psychologist.
Who are the four members of the Aviation Medicine Health Care Team?
- Flight Surgeon
- Aeromedical Physician Assistant (APA)
- Aviation Medicine Nurse Practitioner (AMNP)
- Aeromedical Psychologist
What is the primary goal of the Aviation Medicine Health Care Team?
Preventive Medicine.
What is the comprehensive medical exam given every 5 years to aviation personnel?
Flighty Duty Medical Examination (FDME).
What is the medical exam given every year to aviation personnel?
Flight Duty Health Screening (FDHS).
What is the difference between a Temporary Disqualification and a Permanent Disqualification?
A Temporary Disqualification is less than 365 days and a Permanent Disqualification is greater than 365 days.
What is the primary goal of Aviation Medicine?
To keep you flying.
What are the 3 types of hazards in Aviation Toxicology?
- Physical Hazards
- Biological Hazards
- Chemical Hazards
What is an Occupational Hazard?
Anything capable of producing an adverse health or safety effect on an individual.
What are the 2 types of Exposure?
- Acute Exposure
- Chronic Exposure
What is the biggest determinant of future sickness from a toxin?
Time and dose.
What are the 3 ways a toxin can enter the body?
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Aborption
What are the 2 organs that excrete toxins from the body?
- Liver
- Kidneys
What are the toxic substances in aviation?
- Aviation Fuels and Fuel Combustion Products
- Solvents and Degreasers
- Lubricants
- Hydraulic Fluids
- Fire Extinguishers
- Composites and Plastics
What are the Neurological symptoms of toxic fuel exposure?
- Light-headedness
- Confusion
- Fatigue
- Coma
- Slurred Speech
- Impaired Psychomotor
What are the Gastrointestinal symptoms of toxic fuel exposure?
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Easily absorbed through mouth
What are the Skin symptoms of toxic fuel exposure?
- Chemical Burns
- Irritation due to the drying effect
What are the Cardiac and Respiratory symptoms of toxic fuel exposure?
- Irregular Heart Beats
- Respiratory Failure
- Coughing
- Choking
- Wheezing
What are the immediate actions steps for protective measures inside a cockpit if exposed to smoke or fumes?
- Recognize
- Ventilate
- Descend
- Land
- Evacuate the aircraft
- Seek medical attention
What are the three categories of protective measures for toxic substances?
- Individual
- Cockpit
- General
What are the Individual Preventative measures you can take for toxic substances?
- Prevent contamination of your AACU/NOMEX flight suits
- Smoke and eat only in authorized areas
- Hand washing decreases the risk of ingesting a toxin
- Wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Pay attention to your physical symptoms
What are the Cockpit Preventative measures you can take for toxic substances?
- Be aware of the potential for toxic exposure in flight
- Smoke and fumes are a very serious matter
- Take immediate action
What are the General Preventative measures you can take for toxic substances?
- Be aware of the potential for toxic exposure in the aviation equipment
- Be aware of the hazardous material in your work area
- Develop and rehearse evacuation plan
What is the most predisposing condition for Spatial Disorientation?
Hovering at night with a lack of visual cues.
What is the false perception of reality caused by the conflict of orientation information from one or more mechanisms of equilibrium?
Sensory Illusion.
What are the 3 types of Spatial Disorientation?
- Unrecognized
- Recognized
- Incapacitating
What are the 3 systems that influence equilibrium?
- Visual
- Vestibular
- Proprioceptive
What is the most dangerous of all Vestibular Illusions?
Coriolis Illusion.
What are the three dynamics of Spatial Disorientation?
- Visual Dominance
- Vestibular Suppression
- Vestibular Opportunism
What is the definition of Stress?
The non-specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it.
What does the acronym DEATH stand for in Physiological Stressors?
- Drugs
- Exhaustion
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Hypoglycemia
What are some immediate responses to stress?
- Sweaty Palms
- Increased Heart Rate
- Trembling
- Shortness of Breath
- Muscle Tension
What are the 4 Stress Coping Methods?
- Minimize Stressors
- Change your thinking
- Learn to relax
- Ventilate
What is the most powerful Stress Coping Method?
Minimize Stressors.
What is the definition of Combat Stress?
Every stress encountered as a result of combat.
What are the 4 factors that decrease your vulnerability to Combat Stress?
- Competence
- Confidence
- Cohesion
- Control
What are 3 signs of fatigue?
- Attention/Concentration Difficult
- Feel or appear dull and sluggish
- Accuracy, timing, and ability to reason logically degrade
- General attempt to conserve energy
- Feel or appear careless, uncoordinated, confused, or irritable
- Social interactions decline
- Involuntary lapses into sleep begin to occur
- Cognitive deficits are seen before the physical effects are felt
At what stages is your deepest and most restorative sleep?
- Stage 3: Deep Sleep or “Slow Wave” Sleep
- Stage 4: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep
What are countermeasures for sleep restriction?
- Prevention (adequate sleep)
- Consistent bedtime/wake-up schedule
- Bedroom only used for sleep and sex
- Daily stressors resolved outside of bedroom
- Bedtime routine
- Quiet and comfortable sleep environment
- Aerobic exercise routine (during daytime)
- No caffeine within 4 hours of bedtime
- No cigarettes within 1 hour of bedtime
- Don’t use alcohol as a sleep aid
- Do not nap during day if you have problems sleeping
- Don’t watch the clock
- Get out of bed after 30 minutes without falling asleep
What are disadvantages of using caffeine?
- Tolerance to its effect
- Quickly wears off
- Can exacerbate sleep problems
- Not a substitute for sleep
What is the definition of Inertia?
The resistance to change in a state of rest or motion.
What are the Factors Affecting Accelerative Forces?
(BIRDI)
- Body Area and Site
- Intensity (Measure of Magnitude)
- Rate of Onset
- Duration
- Impact Direction
What is the definition of Low-Magnitude Acceleration?
G’s that range from 1-10 G’s and last for several seconds.
What are the Factors Increasing G Tolerance?
- Asysmptomatic Hypertension
- Fear and Excitement
- Tensing of Muscles
- Shorty stocky build
- L-1 Maneuver
- Anti-G Suit
T/F Does fear and excitement increase your G tolerance?
True
What is the definition of High-Magnitude Acceleration?
G-Forces exceeding 10 G’s and lasting for less than a second.
What are the Crash Survivability Criteria?
- Amount of decelerative (crash) force transmitted to the crewmember.
- Occupiable living space.
- Aircraft Design Features (CREEP)
What does the acronym CREEP stand for?
- Container
- Restraint System
- Environment (loose objects)
- Energy Absorption
- Post Crash Factors
Intensity is closely related to which factor influencing accelerative forces?
Duration
What is the definition of Noise?
Sound that is loud (perception of the listener), unpleasant, and unwanted.
What are the Measurable Characteristics of Noise?
- Frequency
- Intensity
- Decibel Levels
At what decibel level does hearing damage occur?
85 dB
What are the short-term and long-term effects of noise?
- Annoyance and Fatigue
- Speech Interference
- Hearing Loss
What is the most economical and practical way to protect your hearing?
PPD/PPE
What is the definition of Vibration?
The motion of an object relative to a reference position (object at rest) involving series of oscillations resulting in the displacement and acceleration of the object.
What is the definition of Frequency?
The number of oscillations of any object in a given time.
What are the short term effects of vibration?
- Fatigue
- Respiratory Effects
- Circulatory Effects
- Motion Sickness
- Disorientation
- Pain
What are the long term effects of vibration?
- Raynaud’s Disease
- Backache/back pain
- Kidney and lung damage
How do you protect yourself from vibration?
- Good Posture
- Use seatbelts
- Limit exposure time
- Let aircraft do the work
- Reduce body fat
- Decrease effects of fatigue
- Maintain hydration
- Maintain Aircraft
What part of the eye contains the rods and cones?
The retina
What is the condition where your eye focuses the image you see behind the retina?
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
What is the condition where your lens begins to harden due to age?
Presbyopia
What are the 3 Refractive Surgeries?
- PRK
- LASIK
- LASEK
What does the acronym GRAM stand for?
- Geometric Perspective
- Retinal Image Size
- Aerial Perspective
- Motion Parallax
What is the most important monocular cue for depth perception?
Motion Parallax
What are the two most import monocular cues for depth perception?
- Motion Parallax
- Retinal Image Size
2-5 hours of intense sunlight will increase the time required for dark-adaptation for up to how many hours?
5
What are the flight hazards to your vision?
- Solar Glare
- Bird Strikes
- LASERS
- Nerve Agents
What are the passive measures you can take to protect yourself against a LASER?
- Take Cover
- NVDs
- Squinting
- Protective Goggles
What are the active measures you can take to protect yourself against a LASER?
- Evasive Action
- Scanning with one eye or monocular optics
What are the safety features provided by the aircraft?
- Structural Shell (Fuselage)
- Landing Gear and Crashworthy seats
- Personnel Restraint System
- Post Crash Factors
When washing your gloves, what temperature should the water be?
Less than 120 degrees
What are some examples of unsafe apparel?
- Rings
- Metal Badges
What are the physiological zones of the atmosphere?
- Efficient
- Deficient
- Space Equivalent
What are the physical divisions of the atmosphere?
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
How many mmHg are there at sea level?
760 mmHg
What is Boyle’s Law?
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when the temperature of the gas is held constant.
What is Dalton’s Law?
The pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each in the mixture.
What is Henry’s Law?
The amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out of the ____ due to pressure differentials between gas levels.
Alveoli
What hypoxia results in the reduction in total cardiac output, pooling of blood, or restriction of blood flow?
Stagnant hypoxia
What type of hypoxia is any oxygen deficiency due to a reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood?
Hypemic hypoxia
Hyperventilation _____ carbon dioxide levels in the blood, blood becomes more _____.
Lowers
Alkaline
True or false? Barodontalgia occurs on the descent?
False
Which DCS involves larger joints, such as knees and shoulders, dull pain that progresses if ascent continues?
Bends
