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MET > AE - Flight hazards > Flashcards

AE - Flight hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Hver er diameter microburst og hvað varir þetta lengi? Er heitara í þessu eða kaldara miðað við umhverfið?

A

4km. 1-5 mínútur. Kaldara.

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2
Q

The most dangerous low-level windshears can be encountered when strong ____ are present, or near ____.

A

inversions, thunderstorms

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3
Q

Hvað er Hoar frost?

A

Þegar vélin er ísköld (undir 0°C) og fer inn í heitara loftslag.

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4
Q

Í hvernig skýjum ertu að finna mixed ice?

A

Nimbostratus

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5
Q

Við hvaða hitastig er líklegt að þú fáir Clear ice í NS clouds?

A

Gerist við -10°C - 0°C

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6
Q

Hvaða seperation áttu að hafa frá CB cloud?

A

5000 ft vertical og 10NM lateral

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7
Q

Hvaða hitastig og relative humidity þarftu að vera með til að geta lent í carb icing (þarf ekki að vera nákvæmt)

A

Rúmlega frostmark t.d. 2°C og mikið RH, t.d. 90%.

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8
Q

The degree of clear air turbulence experienced by an aircraft is proportional to the intensity of vertical and horizontal ____.

A

windshear.

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9
Q

Hvað gæti visibility verið í snow showers?

A

100m

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10
Q

A gust front is formed by the __ __ ___ from a thunderstorm

A

cold air outflow

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11
Q

Getur þú lent í airfram eicing in clear air?

A

mögulega light icing en ekki moderate-severe.

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12
Q

Clouds mainly consist of supercooled water droplets when temperature is

a) below -40°C
b) 0°C - -15°C

A

b) 0°C - -15°C

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13
Q

Thunderstorms are often preceded by what kind of clouds?

A

Altocumulus castellanus

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14
Q

Í hvernig skýjum myndast hoar frost?

A

Myndast ekki í skýjum, myndast í clear air.

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15
Q

Hvað gerist fyrir relative humidity ef þú “addar water vapor”?

A

Það eykst.

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16
Q

Ef þú vilt satureita loft, hvort compressar þú það, expandar, eða lækkar þrýsting?

A

Expandar, þá kælist það að daggarmörkum og grætur.

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17
Q

When water evaporates into unsaturated air, heat is released/absorbed?

A

absorbed.

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18
Q

Hvernig er stability í isothermal layer?

A

absolutely stable

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19
Q

Clouds, fog or dew will always be formed when water vapor ___.

A

condenses.

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20
Q

What percentage of the air in the lower troposphere consists of water vapour?

A

0-5%

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21
Q

Hvað gerist fyrir relative humidity ef þú eykur temperature?

A

Ekkert

22
Q

The value of the saturated adiabatic lapse rate is closest to that of the dry adiabatic lapse rate in

a) cirrus clouds
b) freezing fog
c) cumulus clouds

A

a) cirrus clouds

Ástæðan er sú að þeim mun ofar sem þú ferð því kaldara og þurrara verður loftið.

23
Q

Af hverju kælist rakt loft síður þegar það rís upp?

A

heat is released during the condensation process.
möo þá er loftið að kólna þegar það fer upp en þegar það kólnar þá condensar það og við það sleppur út hiti sem vegur á móti.

24
Q

Valley inversions are often a result of ___ cooling in combination with ___.

A

radiation, gravity.

25
Q

Squall line can be expected in front of an __ __ front.

A

active cold

26
Q

Which thunderstorms move forward the fastest?

a) frontal thunderstorms
b) thermal thunderstorms

A

a) frontal thunderstorms

27
Q

When a lightning strikes, the aircraft is temporarily a part of the ____ ____.

A

lightning trajectory.

28
Q

when dust particles are trapped below an inversion, visibility is reduced by ___.

A

haze.

29
Q

Low level windshear is the greatest at the top of a ___ ___ ___ inversion.

A

marked surface-based.

30
Q

Rime ice; Milky granular appearance. Forming on leading edges and accumulating ___ into the air stream. Myndast í ___form clouds í hitastiginu __-__.

A

forward, stratiform, -10°C - -20°C

31
Q

Can the airplane itself initiate a lightning discharge?

A

já

32
Q

Í hvaða hitastigi myndast clear ice?

A

-10°C - 0°C.

33
Q

Ef það eru þrumur og eldingar og vélin er búin til úr composite materials, hvað getur gerst?

A

severe damge, crew may be blinded and temporarily lose hearing.

34
Q

Er kaldara eða heitara inn í microburst?

A

Kaldara

35
Q

If you would HAVE to go through a thunderstorm, where would be the best place to do it?

A

On the side, preferrably upwind.

36
Q

Thunderstorms can occur on a warm front if the cold/warm air is moist and the ELR>SALR.

A

warm

37
Q

Can airframe icing happen in clear air?

A

Yes

38
Q

Hvort er meira um thunderstorms í temperate climate eða tropical?

A

tropical

39
Q

moderate turbulence, getur þú verið only momentarily out of control?

A

Nei í moderate turbulence ertu alltaf með positive control.

PS í violent turbulence ertu samt bara out of control for short periods.

40
Q

Á hvaða stigi thunderstorms getur þú verið með bæði up- and downdraugths?

A

mature stage.

41
Q

Hvort er meira hazardous

a) Flight with tailwind towards high ground
b) Flight with headwind towards high ground

A

b) Flight with headwind towards high ground

Þá ertu on the leeside þar sem það er turbulent.

42
Q

Þegar það er talað um low level vertical windshear þá er oftast ástæðan..

A

Radiation inversion

43
Q

Clouds will mainly consist of supercooled water droplets when the temperature is

a) 0 til -15°C
b) -5°C til -30°C

A

a) 0 til -15°C

44
Q

In what way can a moderate-severe CAT affect an aircraft? The turbulence is __ scale and can cause damage. Handling of the aircraft will be ____.

A

small, difficult even impossible.

45
Q

Hvenær áttu að breyta um stefnu vegna ísingar? Moderate? Severe? Light?

A

Severe.

Þú mátt sem sagt halda áfram í moderate.

46
Q

A stormscope is an instrument aboard an aircraft to detect ___ ___.

A

electrical discharges.

47
Q

Hvaða ský benda til upp er level instability?

a) AC castellanus
b) AC lenticularis

A

a) AC castellanus

48
Q

Tornado’s speed movement usually is

a) 20 - 40 kts
b) 30 - 70 kts

A

a) 20 - 40 kts

49
Q

Ef þú lendir í turbulence, hvernig report gerir þú?

A

Special air-report

50
Q

Hvar finnur þú upplýsingar um CAT?

A

Significant weather chart

MET (11 decks)

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