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MET > AE - Climatology > Flashcards

AE - Climatology Flashcards

1
Q

Cold air pool = ___ visibility

A

low

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2
Q

easterly waves are most likely to form in the ___ wind zone

A

trade wind

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3
Q

Are trade winds more pronounced over oceans or continents?

A

More pronounced over water (oceans)

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4
Q

Hvar er ITCZ staðsett um vetur í latitude?

A

0-5°N

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5
Q

What is the average latitude for travelling frontal depressions?

A

60°N

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6
Q

Á hvaða árstíð blæs Bora?

A

Winter, spring.

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7
Q

Hvaða tveir vindar eru aðal yfirborðsvindarnir í norður Afríku á sumrin og svo veturna, north of the equator?

A

SW monsoon in the summer and NE tradewind in the winter

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8
Q

Hvenær er mest weather activity in a cold pool?

A

afternoon

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9
Q

Sub-tropical high pressure belt: __°-__°

A

25°-35°

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10
Q

Easterly waves: Most likely to form in the

a) region of the equator between 0° and 5 north or south
b) trade wind zone.

A

b) trade wind zone.

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11
Q

Í harmattan þá er hætta sem stafar af flugi vegna

a) Sand up to FL150
b) Dust and poor visibility

A

b) Dust and poor visibility

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12
Q

Á svæðinu þar sem easterly waves eru.. hvernig er veðrið þarna?

A

thunderstorms and rain.

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13
Q

Í tropical rain climate (aka equatorial), hvað er RH, freezing level og average temperature?

A

RH: 80%
freezing level: 15,000 ft.
average temperature: 28°C

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14
Q

Hvernig er veðrið í flat pressure pattern um sumar?

A

Generally fine weather, possibly thunderstorms in the afternoon or evening.

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15
Q

Myndir þú sjá cold air pool á surface chart?

A

Nei, þetta er aðallega í middle troposphere.

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16
Q

Hvernig er tíðarfar í Savannah (tropical transitional)?

A

ein stutt vætutíð og svo mjög þurrt.

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17
Q

Hvað eru mörg rain seasons í Nairobi, Kenya?

A

2

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18
Q

Í hvaða mánuði skiptist klikkaði SW monsooninn yfir í NE monsoon?

A

September

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19
Q

Hvenær eru rain seasonin í equatorial Africa?

A

March-May og

Oct-Nov

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20
Q

Rainfall í mediterranean climate, er það yfir eða undir 700mm?

A

Undir

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21
Q

An aircraft is climbing away from a cold air pool. What can be expected?

a) strong updraughts
b) aircraft performance reduces

A

b) aircraft performance reduces

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22
Q

Hvar eru “the doldrums”?

A

Equatorial low - ITCZ - “Doldrums”

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23
Q

In the central part of the Atlantic Ocean between 10°N and 20°N the prevailing surface winds are..

A

NE trade winds.

Think about it, þetta er bara swirlið frá horse latitudes niður að equatorial low (ITCZ).

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24
Q

Hvort er stronger, “the roaring forties” SH eða “the westerlies” NH ?

A

the roaring forties are stronger. (Held því það er meiri sjór í SH = minna viðnám = meiri hraði).

25
Q

Hvernig er úrkoman í equatorial region og á hvaða tímabili?

A

Rain- and hail showers and thunderstorms occur the whole year. Frequency is the highest in two periods, April-May and October-November.

26
Q

Í hvaða mánuði byrjar Harmattan að blása?

A

NE wind affecting northwest Africa during November to April

27
Q

Where are the westerlies to be expected?

a) between 65°and 80° north or south
b) in the subtropical high pressure belt
c) in the mid-latitudes

A

c) in the mid-latitudes

28
Q

Á hvaða latitude er prevailing westerlies?

A

50°N (hjálpar manni að hugsa að westerlies eru í mid-latitudes og ef heimurinn er 0°-90° þá er helmingurinn af því 45 sem er nærri 50).

29
Q

Á hvaða latitudes er subtropical high-pressure belt?

A

25°-35°

30
Q

Hvað heitir loftið sem kemur frá Polar Cap?

A

Arctic air

31
Q

If you cool the underlying surface, stability will

a) increase
b) decrease

A

a) increase

32
Q

A low pressure area associated with a surface front, is the ___ front low

A

Polar

33
Q

The lowest cloud type observed is Stratus fractus, and tehre is moderate continuous rain. The area you are most likely situated in is:

a) the warm sector
b) in the main body of a warm or cold front

A

b) in the main body of a warm or cold front

34
Q

Í COLD occlusion, hvernig ský eru þarna í “dalnum” á milli frontanna?

A

Í cold occlusion er þetta CB

Í warm occlusion held ég að svarið væri stratus.

35
Q

How do airmasses acquire their properties?

a) pressure system of the source
b) characteristics of the source
c) moisture content
d) latitude

A

a) pressure system of the source

b) characteristics of the source

36
Q

In the northern hemisphere, the advection of warm air aloft indicates the approach of a ___ ____.

A

warm occlusion.

37
Q

Hvernig er loftið eftir að warm front hefur farið framhjá?

a) unstable Martime tropical
b) Stable Maritime Tropical.
c) unstable Continental Tropical
d) Stable Continental Tropical

A

b) Stable Maritime Tropical.

38
Q

The polar front is the boundary between

a) Arctic air and polar air
b) Polar air and tropical air

A

b) Polar air and tropical air

39
Q

The air mass in the warm sector of a polar front is ___ air.

A

tropical

40
Q

What characterizes a stationary front? The surface wind has it’s direction ___ to the front.

A

parallel

41
Q

In what season do cold occlusions occur the most in Europe?

A

Summer

42
Q

In a warm occlusion, the ___ front becomes a front aloft.

A

cold

43
Q

In what direction does the centre of a non-occluded frontal depression move?

A

in the direction of the warm sector isobars.

44
Q

Frontal depressions can be assumed to move in the direction of the 2000 feet wind in front of the __ front.

A

warm.
Hrikalega orðað, þýðir held ég bara að vindurinn fer skv. isobars í warm sector fyrir ofan jarðhrifin. (sem maður tekur ekki með í reikninginn).

45
Q

Hvernig er visibility í lower levels þegar “cool dry air is moving over a warmer surface”?

A

Gott.
held að lykillinn hér sé að þetta er DRY og þegar þú injectar köldu lofti inn í neðra lag þá eykur þú stability.
En ættir þú þá ekki að hafa slæmt vis?

46
Q

What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression over Central Europe in the summer during daytime?

a) ST with drizzle
b) Fair weather CU

A

b) Fair weather CU

Hér er lykilatriðið að það er summer. Ef það væri vetur þá værir þú að sjá þoku og low stratus.

47
Q

How does the activity of a cold front change when it has to cross a chain of mountains?

A

It strenthens “upwind” of the mountains.

48
Q

Are the westerlies in the

a) mid-latitudes
b) subrtopical high pressure belt

A

a) mid-latitudes

49
Q

When are the rainy seasons in Africa?

A

March to May

October to November

50
Q

On which side of an easterly wave are thunderstorms most likely to develop?

A

On the east side of the wave.

51
Q

The prevailing surface wind in the area of the west coast of Africa north of the equator (gulf of Guinea) is a __ ___ in summer and a __ ___ in winter

A

SW monsson, NE trade wind in winter

52
Q

Farðu með climate svæðin frá miðbaugi og upp

A

0°- 10°: Tropical rain (equatorial)
10°-20°: Tropical transitional (Savannah)
20°-35°: Sub Tropical (Dry)
35°-40°: Temperate transitional (Mediterrenean)
40°-65°: Mid latitude ( disturbed temperate)
65°-90°: Polar climate (snow zone)

53
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið” tropical rain”?

A

equatorial (0°-10°)

54
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið “tropical transitional”?

A

Savannah (10°-20°)

55
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið “Sub tropical”?

A

Dry (20°-35°)

56
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið “Temperate transitional”?

A

Mediterrenean (35°-40°)

57
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið “Mid latitude”

A

Disturbed temperate (40°-65°)

58
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir svæðið “Snow zone”

A

Polar climate (65°-90°)

MET (11 decks)

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