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Medications > Adverse effects > Flashcards

Adverse effects Flashcards

1
Q

Lower seizure threshold

A

Bupropion, Buspirone, Enflurane, Theophylline, many narcotics, psychostimulants; Isoniazid (B6 deficiency)

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2
Q

Withdrawal causes seizures

A

Benzos, Barbiturates, Alcohol, Anticonvulsants

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3
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Anticonvulsants (Lamotrigine esp; ethosuximide, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin)
Antibiotics (penicillins, sulfa drugs)
Allopurinol

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4
Q

Cyp450 inducers (speed up drug metabolism)

A

[Ken(ytoin) rides shotgun in Barbie’s girlie car]

Phenytoin, Rifampin, St. John’s Wort, Barbiturates, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine

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5
Q

Cause depression

A

Sedatives (alcohol, benzos, antihistamines)
Methyldopa
Typical antipsychotics
Anti-nausea drugs (metoclopramide, prochlorperazine), Glucocorticoids
Interferon alfa
Stimulant withdrawal, insufficient thyroid replacement (hypothyroidism)

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6
Q

Cause psychosis

A 
Hallucinogens (LSD, PCP)
Stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine)
Withdrawal from benzos, barbiturates, alcohol
Glucocorticoids
Anabolic steroids
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7
Q

Check G6PD deficiency to r/o risk of hemolytic anemia

A

Dapsone

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8
Q

Amiodarone

A

K channel blocker and Na channel blocker (antiarrhythmic medication)
Check PFTs, LFTs, TFTs before use
(Continue to check PFTs - can cause pulmonary fibrosis)

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9
Q

Disulfiram like reaction if combined w/ alcohol

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A 
SHIPP
Sulfa drugs (esp sulfasalazine)
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Phenytoin
Procainamide
(also methyldopa, quinidine, chlorpromazine)
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11
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics (except ethacrynic acid)
Acetazolamide

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12
Q

Anti-HTN w/ first dose orthostatic HoTN

A

Alpha blockers

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13
Q

Anti-HTN w/ hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

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14
Q

Anti-HTN w/ dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN

A

Clonidine

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15
Q

Anti-HTN w/ reflex tachycardia

A

Vasodilators (hydralazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside)

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16
Q

Anti-HTN w/ bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation

A

Non-selective BB

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17
Q

Anti-HTN w/ cough

A

ACE

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18
Q

Anti-HTN w/ angioedema

A

ACE (maybe ARB)

19
Q

Anti-HTN w/ cyanide toxicity

A

Nitroprusside (vasodilator)

20
Q

Anti-HTN w/ azotemia, hyperkalemia (C/I)

A

ACE/ARB

21
Q

Anti-HTN w/ peripheral edema

A

NDP and DHP CCB (eg amlodipine)

22
Q

Anti-HTN w/ increased intracranial pressure

A

Nitroprusside (vasodilator)

23
Q

Cyclosporine

A

(Immunosuppressant)

Nephrotoxicity

24
Q

Azathioprine

A

(Immunosuppressant)
Leukopenia
Metabolized by XO (so avoid allopurinol)

25
Q

Tacrolimus

A

(Immunosuppressant)

Nephrotoxicity

26
Q

Muromonab-D3

A

(Immunosuppressant)
One time cytokine release (leukopenia, fever)
Short-term therapy

27
Q

Rapamycin

A

(Immunosuppressant)
Thrombocytopenia
Hyperlipidemia

28
Q

Mycophenolate

A 
(Immunosuppressant, lupus nephritis)
Leukopenia
GI toxicity
Lymphoma
Teratogen
29
Q

Antithymocyte globulin

A

(Immunosuppressant)
Serum sickness
Short-term therapy

30
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

(Immunosuppressant, SLE, RA)

Visual disturbances

31
Q

Theophylline

A

Tachycardia, seizures, hypotension, drug interactions

32
Q

Gynecomastia

A 
STACKED
Spironolactone (K sparing ald antagonist + anti-androgen)
THC (marijuana)
Alcohol (chronic use)
Cimetidine (H2 blocker)
Ketoconazole
Estrogens
Digoxin
Also risperidone (atypical antipsychotic)
33
Q

Diuretics causing hypokalemia

A

Acetazolamide
Loops
Thiazides

34
Q

Diuretics causing hyperkalemia

A

K sparing aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone)
K sparing other (amiloride, triamterene)

35
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide)

A

Mild metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Nephrolithiasis
Sulfa drug

36
Q

Osmotic agent (mannitol)

A

Dilutional hyponatremia initially then
Relative hypernatremia
Hyperosmolarity
Pulmonary edema

37
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Ototoxicity
Hyperuricemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia (Hypercalciuria; avoid w/ calcium stones)

38
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia

39
Q

K sparing aldosterone antagonists

A

Hyperkalemia

Gynecomastia, menstrual irregularity (spironolactone)

40
Q

K sparing non aldosterone antagonists

A

Hyperkalemia

41
Q

Cause interstitial nephropathy (AIN)

A 
NSAIDs (MC)
Antibiotics (MC) (aminoglycosides, B-lactams, sulfonamides)
Also:
allopurinol
diuretics
PPIs
42
Q

Abx causing photosensitivity

A

Tetracycline

43
Q

Isotretinoin

A 
Hepatotoxicity
Major teratogen
Dry skin/eyes
Hyperlipidemia
Depression/suicidal ideation

Medications (10 decks)

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