Advanced Words 2 Flashcards
- acceptable
Palatable(adj):
Ex: I’m afraid the members won’t find all these changes very palatable.
- impermeable (=impenetrable)
- unaffected by
Impervious (adj):
Ex: He is impervious to criticism and rational argument.
- to increase the size or value of something by adding something to it
Augment(v):
Formal /a:gment/
Ex: He would have to find work to augment his income.
- to avoid or escape from sth
Evade (v):
Formal
Ex: She leaned forward to kiss him but he evaded her by pretending to sneeze.
- done to avoid something bad happening
Evasive(adj):
Ex: Drivers had to make sudden evasive manoeuvres.
- very annoying, unpleasant, or uncomfortable, and therefore unbearable
Insufferable (adj):
Ex: The underground is insufferable in this heat.
- atrocious, abominable, deplorable
Abysmal (adj):
Ex: abysmal working conditions
- hater of women
Misogynist (n):
/misagownist/
- the careful use of money
Thrifty (n, adj):
Ex: They have plenty of money now, but they’re still thrifty.
- elaborately decorated
- containing too many complicated words or phrases
Ornate(adj):
Formal
Ex: a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors
Some students are put off studying his work because of the ornate language of the poetry.
- happening sometimes; not regular or continuous
Sporadic(adj):
Ex: sporadic gunfire
- to name things separately, one by one
Enumerate(v):
Formal
Ex:  He enumerated the benefits of the insurance scheme.
- to shake violently, or to cause someone to shake without control
Convulse(v):
Ex: The audience convulsed with laughter.
- complicated; indiscernible
Convoluted (adj):
Ex: Her book is full of long, convoluted sentences.
- the act of believing that something is true without having any proof (=assumption)
Presumption(n):
Ex: There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions.
- to slow sth down or to make it more difficult for sth or sb (>< facilitate)
Impede (v):
Ex: Although he’s shy, it certainly hasn’t impeded his career in any way.
Shortages of medicine were impeding the effort to check the spread of diseases.
- incremental
Diminutive(adj):
Ex: He’s a diminutive figure, less than five feet tall.
- defying generally accepted beliefs and traditions
Iconoclastic (adj):
Ex: iconoclastic views
- to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened
Implicate(v):
Ex: A lot of people were implicated in the scandal.
- impossible to change
Irrevocable (adj):
Ex: an irrevocable decision
- very clear and shining
- clear in meaning and easy to understand
pellucid (adj):
Ex: the pellucid water
He wrote in pellucid prose
- thrifty(adj)
Frugal (adj):
Ex: a frugal meal of bread and soup
- a doubt or feeling of not being able to agree with or accept something completely
Reservation (n):
Ex: He accepted my advice without reservation.
- relating to soldiers, war, or life in the armed forces
Martial (adj):
- to make clear what you think or want without saying it directly
Intimate (v):
Formal —> intimation(n)
Ex: She has intimated that she will resign if she loses the vote.
- infeasible/unfeasible
- not able to continue to exist as, or develop into, a living being
Unviable (adj):
Ex: an unviable pregnancy/foetus
- copying or developing from sth else, not the result of new idea (=unoriginal)
Derivative (adj):
Ex: His painting/style is very derivative.
- to stop doing sth
Desist (v):
Formal /disist/
Ex: The high winds are expected to desist tomorrow.
She is ordered to desist from playing music after 11 p.m.
- to move your body suddenly because something has surprised or frightened you
Start(v):
Ex: he started at the sound of the phone
- to deceive or trick sb
Hoodwink (v):
(=bamboozle)
Ex: He hoodwinked us into agreeing.
- treating everyone fairly and equally
Even-handed(adj):
Ex: even-handed coverage of a volatile issue
- not happening regularly or continuously
Intermittent (adj):
Ex: intermittent rain/noise
- the essence of sth
Pith(n):
Ex: a book that he considered contained the pith of all his work
- sth that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly
Ploy(n):
Ex: there are various ploys we can use if necessary
- to cheat or trick sb in order to get money from them
Swindle (v,n):
Ex: a Web-based company swindled customers out of $15 million
- to deceive sb, usually by making that person do sth that they did not intend to do
Dupe(v):
Ex: the girls were duped by drug smugglers into carrying heroin for them
- behaving badly or rudely
Indecorous(adj):
=unseemly
- staying the same for a long time; not changing or losing purpose (=unwavering)
Steadfast (adj):
Ex: steadfast beliefs/friends
- hard to understand
Opaque (adj):
Formal
Ex: I find her poetry a little too opaque
- to cause sb to become less respected (=insult)
Demean (v):
Ex: the entire family is demeaned by his behavior
-beautiful in a way that suggests sb is morally good and pure
Seraphic (adj):
Ex: a seraphic smile
- to formally declare one’s abandonment of a claim, right or possession, etc.
Renounce (v):
Ex: he renounced drugs and alcohol completely
- to stop controlling or managing sth that you are in charge of
Abdicate (adj):
Ex: she abdicated all responsibility for the project.
- better than any of its type
Peerless (adj):
Formal (=unmatched; unrivaled)
Ex : peerless beauty/ability
- artificial rather than natural
Factitious(adj):
Formal
Ex: the excitement was largely factitious and confined to the media
- invented and not true or not existing
Fictitious (adj):
Ex: he dismissed recent rumors about his private life as fictitious
-to express firmly your belief that sth is true
Maintain(v):
Ex: he maintains that he has never seen the woman before
- to feel or show much pleasure because of your own success or good luck, or because of sb else’s misfortune (hả hê)
Gloat (v, n):
Ex: she’s continually gloating over/about her new job
- to admit often unwillingly that sth is true
Concede (v):
Ex: the govt has conceded that the new tax policy has been a disaster
- stiff and fixed; not able to be bent or moved
Rigid(adj):
Ex: i keep to a rigid schedule
- a set of beliefs that influences the way you live
Creed(n):
Ex: the law forbids discrimination because of race, colour or creed
- to be careful and alert
Be on (your) guard:
Ex: you always have to be on your guard against pickpockets
- a person who is easily made angry
Sorehead(n):
Ex: don’t be such a sorehead it was only meant to be a joke
- a problem that delays progress
Bottleneck(n):
Ex: is there any way of getting around this bureaucratic bottleneck?
- not copulating, because of religious reasons
- a person who does not copulate
Celibate (adj, n):
—> celibacy(n)
Ex: she chose celibacy after a pregnancy scare at 16
- a situation in which people are very afraid that sth bad will happen
Scare(n):
Ex: after his health scare, he started exercising more.
- perfectly clean or tidy
Immaculate(adj):
Ex: dressed in an immaculate white suit
- to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad
Excoriate(v):
Formal
Ex: his latest novel received excoriating reviews
- based on deep feelings or emotions rather than reason or thought
Visceral(adj):
Ex: visceral hatred/excitement
- loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief
Allegiance (n):
Formal /owli:d3owns/
Ex: in many American schools, the students pledge allegiance to the flag at the beginning of the school day
- a class of people of high social rank
Aristocracy (n):
- to shake violently with very small movements because of a very unpleasant thought or feeling
Shudder (v):
Ex: the sight of so much blood made him shudder
- marked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt( chế nhạo)
Sarcastic (adj):
(=sarky)
Ex: sarcastic comments on their failures
-humorous in an unkind way that shows you do not respect sb or sth
Sardonic (adj):
Ex: a sardonic smile/look/comment
- to push away or refuse sth or sb unwanted, esp. to successfully stop a physical attack against you
- causes strong feeling of dislike, disapproval or disgust
Repulse(n):
Ex(1): the enemy attack was quickly repulsed
Ex (2): the tourists were repulsed by the filthy conditions
- to make sb feel a particular, often bad, way toward sb else
Dispose(v):
Ex: her sense of humour disposed me to like her
- to shed, banish, to throw out or destroy
Dispose of sth:
Ex: every month he must dispose of the oil his restaurant uses to fry potatoes
- to cut open sth, esp. a dead body or plant and study its structure
- to examine or consider sth in detail
Dissect(v):
Ex(1): in biology classes we used to dissect rats
Ex(2): he is the kind of person who watches a movie and then dissects it for hours
- used to say that a photograph is clear/not clear
Be in/out of focus
(Focus là tiêu điểm, tiêu cự của lens)
- to suggest sth for discussion (formal)
- often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer
- not important or not relevant, therefore not worth discussing
Moot(v, adj):
Ex(1): the idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s
Ex (2): it’s a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion
Ex (3): we don’t have eough money to go, so it’s all moot anyway
- indecorous
Uncouth(adj):
Ex: she thought he was loud-mouthed and uncouth
- strange or mysterious, in a way that is slightly frightening
Uncanny(adj):
Ex: it was uncanny that she always knew what he was thinking
- unkind, cruel or indifferent to other people
Callous(adj):
Ex: it might sound callous, but I don’t care if he’s homeless, he’s not living with me
- a strong belief or opinion
- a feeling of being certain about sth
Conviction(n):
Ex(1): religious conviction
Ex(2): he said he enjoyed the new job but his voice lacked conviction
- an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based
Premise(n):
/premis/
Ex: they had started w/ the premise that all men are created equal
The research project is based on the premise stated earlier
- light and delicate, especially in an unnatural way
Ethereal(adj):
/iˈθɪr.i.əl/
Ex: ethereal beauty
- not known or understood by many people
Abstruse(adj):
Formal
Ex: an abstruse philosophical essay
- very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail
Fastidious(adj):
(=meticulous, punctilious, methodical)
Ex: he is very fastidious about how a suitcase should be packed
- seeming attractive but really false or of little value
Meretricious (adj):
Formal /ˌmer.əˈtrɪʃ.əs/
Ex: He claims that a lot of journalism is meretricious and superficial
- the belief that only your own experiences and existence can be known or are important
Solipsism(n):
—>solipsistic(adj)
Ex: The reality of altruism means that solipsistic selfishness is not inevitable
- a calm mental state
Equanimity(n):
Formal /ˌek.wəˈnɪm.ə.t̬i/
=equilibrium
Ex: Three years after the tragedy she has only just begun to regain her equanimity.
- not loquacious
Taciturn(adj):
- causing so much emotion that it cannot be expressed through words
Ineffable(adj):
Formal (=indescribable)
Ex: ineffable joy/beauty
- dull, boring
Insipid(adj):
Ex: an insipid flavor/TV sitcom
- sad and serious
Lugubrious (adj):
Ex: a lugubrious face
- hardened
Inure sb to sth:
Formal /ɪnˈjʊr/
Ex: After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships.
- (esp. of women) quiet and well-behaved
Demure (adj):
Ex: she gave him a demure smile
- calm and peaceful
Placid(adj):
Ex: a placid child
The placid lake surface was as smooth as glass
The placid pace of village life
-Excessively compliant or submissive
Obsequious(adj:
Formal
Ex:  she is embarrassingly obsequious to anyone in authority
- Willing to do what other people want
Compliant (adj):
(=acquiescent)
Ex: a compliant child
- Showing that you are confident, in control, and expect to be respected and obeyed
- Containing complete and accurate information and therefore respected (=used to describe reliable sources of in4)
Authoritative(adj):
=imperious
Ex: The book is an authoritative account of the second world war

- A talk or a way of talking that is intended to persuade you to buy something
Sales pitch(n):
(=sales presentation)
Ex: He did/made/gave an effective sales pitch to everybody; however, no one was cajoled/talked into buying his company’s products
- unwilling to do what you are asked or ordered to
Recalcitrant(adj):
Formal
Ex: tenants petitioned their recalcitrant landlord to finish repairs to their building
- To use something or someone especially in an effective way
Deploy(v):
Ex: my job doesn’t really allow me fully to deploy my skills
-to fill something or somebody with a particular feeling quality or idea
Imbue sth/sb with sth
Formal
Ex: His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling
-To prevent the growth or development of sth
Stunt(v):
Ex: drought has stunted the growth of this year‘s cereal crop
-to pull
- To take something or somebody somewhere especially by force
- A long journey especially a difficult one
Haul(v, n):
Ex: They hauled the boat out of the water
FBI agents hauled away boxes of records
From there it was a long haul back to our camp
- willing to do what other people want
Subservient(adj):
Ex: in the past, women were viewed as subservient to men
-Having serious effects or causing great pain
Grievous(adj):
Ex: Her death is a grievous loss to the whole of the community
-The responsibilities of an important position and job
Mantle(n):
Ex: he has been asked to take on the mantle of managing director in the New York office
- be the deciding factor; make the critical difference
Tip the balance/sales:
Ex: in this tight race a group of voters can tip the balance/sales
- The unpleasant results or effects of an action or event
- The radioactive dust in the air after a nuclear explosion
Fallout(n):
Ex: the political fallout of the revelations has been immense
Cancer deaths caused by fallout from weapons testing
- The movement of a lot of people from a place
Exodus(n):
Ex: there has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns
- A job in a company or organization
Post(n):
B2
Ex: they have several vacant posts
- The fact of avoiding telling the truth or saying exactly what you think
Prevarication(n):
Formal /priver…/
Ex: All my attempts to question the authorities on the subject were met by prevarication
—> prevaricate(v)
- An occasion when the positions of people or things within a particular group are changed
Reshuffle(n, v):
Ex: they expect a cabinet reshuffle in the summer
The Prime Minister is expected to reshuffle his ministerial team next month
- Happy and confident
- Successful or making a profit
Buoyant(adj):
Ex: after reading the letter he was in a buoyant mood
The housing market remains buoyant
- to give an opinion or judgment about sth
- The report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person‘s work or ideas, that examines it and provides a judgment, especially a negative one
Critique (v, n):
Ex: students take turns critiquing each other’s work
A Marxist critique of neo-liberal policy
- to touch someone’s body without permission
- To search for something you cannot see or find easily especially by feeling with your hands
- A sexual touch usually and unwanted or unpleasant one
Grope(v, n):
Ex: He groped her as she was going to the bar
I had to grope my way up the dark stairs
- To try to think of something, especially the right words, the correct answer, etc.
Grope for sth:
Ex: I’m groping for the right words here
- A problem or difficulty
Tribulation(n):
Formal /tribiulei…/
- (of an idea, thought, or plan) to develop or be developed over time
Gestate(v):
Ex: the internet had been gestating since the fifties
- the act of arguing or disagreeing about sth
Contestation(n):
Ex: there is still considerable contestation over various mining projects
—> contest(v): to refute a claim
- To disagree with something that someone says
Dispute(v):
Ex: I don’t dispute that his movies are entertaining, but they don’t have much depth
- Loss of respect for or belief in sb or sth
- To cause people to stop respecting sb or believing in an idea or person
Discredit(n, v):
Formal
Ex: The indecorum of one student has brought discredit on the whole school
Evidence of links with drug dealers has discredited the Mayor
- Developing or growing quickly
Burgeoning(adj):
Ex: A burgeoning tourist industry lifted the state’s economy
- To give sb back their previous jobs or position, or to cause sth to exist again
Reinstate(v):
Formal
Ex:  A month after being unfairly dismissed he was reinstated in his job
The Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976
- To start or cause a system, rule, legal action, etc. to exist
Institute(v):
Formal
Ex: The new management intends to institute a number of changes
She is threatening to institute legal proceedings against the hospital (tiến hành thủ tục pháp lý)
- Not important
Inconsequential(adj):
Ex: most of what she said was pretty inconsequential
- To give control or possession of something, especially land to someone else, often unwillingly or because forced to do so
Cede(v):
Formal
Ex: Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the opium war
- to show sth to be true, or to support a claim with facts
Substantiate(v):
Ex: we have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him
- to argue that a claim is not true
Rebut (v):
Ex: he appeared on TV to rebut the charges against him
- a statement that says that sth is not true
Rebuttal (n):
Ex: she issues a point-by-point rebuttal of the company’s accusations
- to explain or examine sth in order to make its meaning clearer
Unpack(v):
Ex: he read the agreed statement to the group and then began to unpack it for them
- a strong expression of anger and disapproval about sth, made by a group of people or by the public
Outcry (n):
Ex: plans to tear down the old courthouse lead to a public outcry
- signs that show the condition of sb’s health, such as body temperature, rate of breathing, and heartbeat
Vital signs(n):
Ex: the babies in this unit have various devices attached to them that monitor the vital signs
- to say sth officially or certainly
Pronounce(v):
Ex: he was taken to the hospital where he was pronouced dead on arrival
- to say that sth is true or is a fact
Contend(v):
Ex: the lawyer contended that her client had never been near the scene of the crime
- a person who has had a lot of experience of a particular activity
- sb who has been in the armed forces during a war
Veteran(n):
Ex: a 20-year veteran of the New York Police Department
The surviving veterans of WWII
- a remark or action intended to demean sb
- to insult or offend sb
Affront(n, v):
Ex: he regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity
I was most affronted by his comments
- in order to achieve this aim
To this end
Ex: Dutch tech companies offer support in the fight against the virus. To this end, an online meeting took place on Wednesday
- simple and not particularly comfortable
Spartan(adj):
Ex: our spartan way of life included hard beds, hard work, and no TV
- to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new in4
Corroborate(v):
= inject(v) /kəˈrɑː.bə.reɪt/
Formal
Ex: recent research seems to corroborate his theory
- complete, detailed, careful
Thoroughgoing(adj):
Formal
Ex: a thoroughgoing reform of the economy
- praise and approval
Accolade(n):
/ˈæk.ə.leɪd/ Formal
Ex: her approval was the highest accolade he could receive
- to publicly commend or show approval for a person or an achievement
- to call and attract the attention of sb
Hail(v):
Formal
Ex: heppner has been hailed as one of the finest tenors in the operatic world today
You wait here with our bags while i hail a taxi
- the general meaning, character, or pattern of sth
Tenor(n):
Formal
Ex: what was the general tenor of his speech?
- slightly dishonest, or not speaking the complete truth
Disingenuous (adj):
Formal = mendacious
Ex: it was disingenuous of her to claim she had no financial interest in the case
- (of people) difficult to control and often not bahave in accordance with the playbook
Unruly(adj):
Ex: an unruly class of adolescents
- speak vaguely
Equivocate(v):
Formal
Ex: more importantly, when economists assign technical meaning to terms, they must also avoid equivocating
- a good understanding of sb and an ability to communicate well with them
Rapport(v):
Ex: she has an excellent rapport with her staff
- The principles and ideas on which sth is based
Bedrock(n):
Ex: we feel that the family is the bedrock of society
- An unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of/solve
Predicament(n):
Formal
Ex: with no money and no job, he found himself in a real predicament
- A small part of something, or a small amount
Fraction(n):
Ex: they can produce it at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods
Could you just move a fraction to the right, so I can get by?
- A formal suggestion
- A polite way of referring to the process getting rid of solid waste from the body
Motion(n):
Ex:  Someone proposed a motion to increase the membership fee to $500 a year
 The nurse asked if her motions were regular
- A warning representing an increased likelihood of severe weather impacts
Amber warning(n):
Ex: an amber warning of extreme heat has come into force across most of England and parts of Wales
- To have as a result, or be the final result of a process
culminate(v):
Ex: the discovery culminated many years of research
Culminate in = result in
- A very serious event resulting in great destruction and change
Apocalypse(n):
Ex: The book offers a vision of the future in which there is a great nuclear apocalypse
- Helpful
Solicitous(adj):
Formal
Ex: He made a solicitous enquiry after her health
- to contain or keep something in a respected place
Enshrine(v):
Formal
Ex: A lot of memories are enshrined in this photograph album
- be enshrined in sth: being protected by being included in sth else
Ex: The right of freedom of speech is enshrined in the constitution
- A room in a school or university where students who are injured or feeling ill can go to a nurse for treatment
Infirmary(n):
- to make sth secret known
Divulge(v):
Ex: journalists do not divulge their sources
- to make sb/sth very weak
Enfeeble(v):
Formal
- to try to combine one idea, method, etc. w/ another, esp. when the two things are very different
Graft sth onto sth:
Ex: the editors attempted to graft new reporting onto previously published articles
- to cause an event or situation to happen by your actions
Instigate(v):
Formal
Ex: The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism.
Changes in the orientation program were instigated by the new director.
- total, or expressed in a clear and certain way
Unequivocal(adj):
Ex: the church has been unequivocal in its condemnation of the violence
Correspondent(n):
- Phóng viên
Extremities(n):
- the hands and feet
- The amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, esp. when in a dangerous or difficult situation
Morale(n):
Ex: Low morale in the police department was a continuing problem
- to be very indignant, sometimes without expressing it
Fume(v):
Ex: days after the argument, he was still fuming
Without so much as:
- without even
- to pass by and lightly touch sb/sth
Brush against:
Ex: be sure not to brush against this wall while the paint is still drying
- to look at sb angrily and without moving your eyes
Glare(v):
Ex: he glared at the young man who brushed against him as he served his water
- Something that makes the situation more difficult
Complication(n):
Ex: if any complications arise, let me know and I’ll help
- an uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement
Limbo(n):
Ex: until we’ve got official permission to go ahead with the plans we will remain in limbo
- To catch or get control of something or someone
Ensnare(v):
Literary /insner/
Ex: Spiders ensnare flies and other insects in their webs
- sb who makes people to obey the law
Enforcer(n):
Ex: along the border, law enforcers have been increasing their numbers
- to replace sth, esp. sth older
Supersede(v):
Ex: most of the old road has been superseded by the great interstate highways
- The business of designing and manufacturing aircraft
Aviation(n):
/eivieition/
Ex: The aviation industry/sector
- Extremely important or very surprising
Earth-shattering(adj):
=earth-shaking
Ex: an earth-shattering discovery
- A person who allows someone to use something that they own
Lessor(n):
/les or/ —>lessee(n)
Ex: an asset may be repossessed by the lessor in the event of a default on the lease payments
- The official authority to make decisions and judgments
Jurisdiction(n):
Ex: The Supreme Court ruled that the US government had no jurisdiction over crimes committed on Indian lands
- To have the main offices of an organization in a particular place
Headquarter(v):
Ex: The airline is headquartered in Seattle
- The right to own a building or piece of land without time limit
- A building or piece of land that is owned by sb without time limit
 freehold(n, adj):
Ex: Instead of selling the freehold, the commissioners are selling a 200-year lease
Are those flats freehold or leasehold? 
- A legal agreement in which you pay money in order to use a building, piece of land, vehicle, etc. for a period
Lease(n, v):
Ex:  The lease expires in two years’ time
I leased my new car instead of buying it
A stone’s throw (away):
-A short distance
Ex: the animal was sitting just a stone’s throw away from us
- Involvement in a crime or an activity that is wrong
Complicity(n):
Formal
Ex: she is suspected of complicity in the fraud
- (esp. of activities) morally bad
Nefarious(adj):
Formal
Ex: The company’s CEO seems to have been involved in some nefarious practices
Hoard(v):
Stash(v):
Informal
Ex: The stolen pictures were stashed away in a warehouse
- A strict attempt to stop or limit an activity
Clampdown(n):
Ex:  now, the British government is seeking to salvage its reputation with a clampdown on corruption
- to succeed or be treated in the stated way/to be in a particular condition
Fare(v):
Ex: how did you fare in your exams
Low-paid workers will fare badly/well under this government
- To organize and begin an activity or event (=wage)
Mount(v):
C2
Ex: To mount an attack/campaign/challenge/protest/display/exhibition
- dishonestly obtained
Ill-gotten(adj):
Ex: he deposited his ill-gotten gains in foreign bank accounts
- Money that has been collected or saved for a particular purpose
War chest(n):
Ex: The candidates are gathering money for their election war chests
- a place that represents the authority or business interests of a govt or company that is far away
Outpost(n):
Ex: a police/military/colonial outpost
- A small piece or amount of something that is left from the larger original piece or amount
Remnant(n):
Ex: A carpet remnant
The remnants of last night’s s meal
Remnants of the city’s former glory
- Clearly separate or different in shape or form
Discrete(adj):
=independent, separate
Ex: these small companies now have their own discrete identity
- a company that does not itself do or own anything, but is used to hide a person’s or another company’s activities, sometimes illegal ones
Shell company(n):
Ex: he has several shell companies that allow him to circulate and launder money
- to not continue with a system or plan
Scrap(v):
Ex: we scrapped our plans for a trip to france
- sb who is extremely rich and powerful (esp. for russian)
Oligarch(n):
/aligark/
Ex: the football club was bought by a russian oligarch in 2003
- a safe or peaceful place
Haven(n):
/hei…/
Ex: the garden was a haven from the noise and bustle of the city
- to make sb gradually stop using sth that is bad for them
Wean sb off sth:
Ex: it is difficult to wean addicts off cocaine once they are hooked
- the fact that sb holds a single opinion rather than having a more general understanding
Tunnel vision(n):
Ex: I believe we shouln’t have a tunnel vision on this matter
- govt by a small group of very powerful people
Oligarchy(n):
Ex: a lot of people in the country were seeing the dangers of oligarchy
- a leader who makes himself rich and powerful by stealing from the rest of the people
Kleptocrat(n):
Ex: he is listed as the greatest ever kleptocrat, alleged to have stolen up to 15bil dollars while in office
—> kleptocracy(n): a society whose leaders make themselves rich…
Valedictorian(n):
- thủ khoa
Collateral(n):
- vật thế chấp
- Not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected
Lenient(adj):
/liniownt/
Ex: they believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects
- Present but not yet active, developed, or obvious
latent(adj):
Ex:  latent ethnic tensions exploded into the open yesterday
- the part of a dead person’s money and property that is left after taxes, debts, etc. have been paid
- something that is left after the main part is no longer present
Residue(n):
Ex: The residue (of the estate) went to her granddaughter.
Pesticide residue is present in many fruits and vegetables, even after proper washing.
