Advanced Organic - Amines & Nitriles (7.1)

Question 1

What functional group does an amine contain?

Answer 1

-NH2

Question 2

Give at least 2 properties of amines

Answer 2

• Can acts as bases (lone pair donor/H+ acceptor)
• Are slightly soluble in water
• Generally have unpleasant smells

Question 3

How do boiling points compare with primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary amines?

Answer 3

Primary & secondary have higher boiling points (more H bonding can occur when there are more H bonded to the N)

Question 4

What happens in multiple SN2 reactions?

Answer 4

• Product of reaction is also a nucleophile

- Multiple substitution reactions take place until starting material is used up (mixture of products)

Question 5

What functional group does a nitrile contain?

Answer 5

C triple bonded to N

Question 6

How do you name nitriles?

Answer 6

Add -nitrile to the end of the alkane name

Question 7

How can you form an amine without forming a mixture of products?

Answer 7

• First form a nitrile by reacting haloalkane to CN (triple bond)
• Then reduce nitrile w/ H2 & Ni catalyst

Question 8

What product is made from the hydrolysis of nitriles?

Answer 8

Carboxylic acid

Question 9

Name the product, the type of reaction & any conditions for the following equation: Haloalkane + CN-

Answer 9

Conditions: None
Product: Nitrile
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic Substitution

Question 10

Name the product & type of reaction for the following equation:
Aldehyde/ketone + CN-

Answer 10

Conditions: H+ & reflux
Product: has nitrile & -OH group
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic addition

Question 11

How are amines synthesised?

Answer 11

Haloalkane + NH3